New conception of 3×4 circularly polarized antenna patch network for RF energy harvesting at 2.45 GHz

Abstract

This paper presents a developed design of a 3×4 circular polarization microstrip antenna patch array whose its resonance frequency is 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. This array is printed on a FR4 substrate of 1.58 mm thickness with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4. The basic antenna patch is a square shape inserted by a rectangular slot inclined positioned diagonally at the center to achieve circular polarization. In addition, a triangular-shaped slit is added at each of the four corners of the patch. The antenna array performance is tested numerically using two different software packages, CST MWS and HFSS. The antenna’s array size is compacted to a 22.7 cm×13.5 cm. The simulated results give good performance results in terms of return loss and gain; directivity is found to be 9.66 dBi at 2.45 GHz; the axial ratio value is 1.69 dB; and total efficiency is about 95.55% at 2.45 GHz. Then, the simulated results obtained by these two programs are in good agreement, which makes this proposed array design very suitable for radio frequency energy harvesting and its various applications to power supply different devices in a clean way for our environment.

Novel broadband circularly polarized pentagonal printed antenna design for wireless power transmission applications

“…The optimization of all dimensions is repeated until the simulation results meet the intended objectives. The patch antenna design flowchart and analysis method flowchart are shown in [9] to clarify the essential steps for designing the MPA. Figure 2 in appendix shows all the steps by beginning with one MPA and ending with a 1 × 4 MPA array.…”

“…The most used type of antenna is the MPA which is a better choice [7] for different WPT applications thanks to its low weight, small surface area, easy integration, low manufacturing cost, and low energy consumption [8]. The MPA is composed of three layers: the ground plane means the lower conductive surface; the patch means the upper conductive plate and the middle layer is the substrate means the dielectric material [9].…”

Improved design and performance of the global rectenna system for wireless power transmission applications around 2.45 GHz

“…In the literature, the existing works focus on the study of microstrip patch antenna (MPA) without considering the rectification circuit [1], [8]. These works are used to increase the performance of the microstrip receiving antenna in terms of gain, directivity, bandwidth, overall size, and adaptation to the port by choosing the shape of the patch [1], [9], the operating frequency (such as 2.45 GHz [1] and 5.8 GHz [10]), the characteristics of the substrate, and the type of polarization (such as linear polarization [11], circular polarization [12], [13]). Other works focus on studying the rectifying circuit without considering the antenna [14].…”

“…The progress of several electronic devices has continued to appear over the last few years. Recently, the development of these devices serves to miniaturize their volumes, make their weights light, make them multifunctional, and ensure their autonomous energy [1], [2]. The big challenge is focused on powering devices environmentally cleanly, without wires [3] and batteries.…”

“…The rectenna system is divided into five blocks as shown in Figure 1 [6], [7]. The rectenna system contains the microstrip receiving antenna and a radiofrequency-to-direct current (RF-DC) conversion circuit [1]. The interest of this paper is to investigate the reception part of WPT which is called the rectenna.…”