New Constraints on the Main Mineralization Event Inferred from the Latest Discoveries in the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ, East Serbia)

Banješević,; Cvetković,; Quadt, Albrecht von; Obradović, Ljubović; Pačevski,; Peytcheva, Irena

doi:10.3390/min9110672

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The Cenozoic Au ± Cu deposits span greater ranges in age, distribution, and style than the Cretaceous deposits (Baker, 2019;Marchev and Singer 2002;Marchev et al, 2010). In a very simplistic view, the age variation of the Cenozoic deposits show several clusters at 35-31 Ma, 28-24 Ma, 15-12 Ma, and <9 Ma (Baker, 2019) in comparison to the Cretaceous age cluster with its Cu-Au deposits between 92 and 80 Ma (von Quadt et al, 2005;Jelenković et al, 2016;Banješević et al, 2019).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization

et al. 2022

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The Karavansalija Mineralized Center (KMC) with its Au–Cu skarn mineralization associated with the Rogozna Mountains magmatic suite in southwestern Serbia belongs to the Oligocene Serbo-Macedonian magmatic and metallogenic belt (SMM-MB). Samples from intrusive and volcanic rocks at the KMC show typical arc signatures of subduction-derived magmas through enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion of high–field strength elements (HFSE). The magmas developed a high-K (calc-alkaline) fractionation trend and evolved toward shoshonitic compositions. Whole-rock trace element data suggest plagioclase-absent, high-pressure amphibole ± garnet fractionation that generates adakite-like hydrous magmas during evolution in lower crustal magma chambers. Zircon LA–ICP–MS and high-precision CA–ID–TIMS dating together with zircon trace elements and Hf isotope measurements were carried out in order to couple the geochronologic and geochemical evolution of the KMC. The results suggest that magmatism starts around 29.34 Ma with granitic to rhyodacitic subvolcanic intrusions followed by a more evolved magmatic intrusion that was emplaced into Cretaceous limestone, generating a widespread skarn alteration at ca. 28.96 Ma. After a period of quiescence of about 1.2 My, either another magma body evolved or the same upper crustal magma chamber was recharged and also likely partly reactivated older plutonic rocks as indicated by xenocrysts. The REE ratios shift from apatite, titanite ± amphibole-dominated fractionation of the older magmatic event to crystallization of allanite, efficiently depleting the LREE and Th/U in the younger upper crustal magma. After a lamproite-like melt was injected, the increased heat and fluid pressure led to the expulsion of a quartz-monzonite porphyritic stock at ca. 27.72 Ma, strongly interacting with the skarns and established a fertile hydrothermal system. Soon after a non-mineralized second pulse of some porphyry dykes cut the previous phenocryst-rich “crowded” porphyries and skarns at ca. 27.60 Ma, thus bracketing the maximum timespan of ore mineralization to about 112 ± 45 Ka. Increased contribution of a lamproite-like melt is inferred from the presence of phlogopite micro-phenocrysts, phlogopitization of biotite, and diopside clusters in the latest porphyry dykes. There is a trend of increased crustal assimilation from the oldest volcanic phase to the emplacement of the youngest porphyry dykes recorded by ɛ-Hf of the zircons. Oligocene occurrences of significant base metal mineralization within Serbia, northern Macedonia, and Greece, e.g., Crnac, Rudnik, Veliki Majdan, Stratoniu, or the Cu–Au porphyry at Buchim (northern Macedonia), are all associated with trachy-andesitic (quartz latitic) porphyry dykes, which originated through post-collisional tectonic settings or upper plate extension involving reworking of crustal arc-derived rocks and partial melting of the mantle wedge. This study demonstrates that on the basis of field relationships and the application of high-precision CA-ID-TIMS zircon age data, pulses of porphyry dykes of a 10ka age range can be distinguished, and the timing of mineralization can be parenthized.

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Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 98%

The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization

et al. 2022

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“…The volcanic rocks are composed of andesitic lavas and pyroclastic rocks (Figure 1). The radiometric age of the magmatic complex is estimated to be from 90 to 80 Ma (Von Quadt et al ., 2002; Clark and Ullrich, 2004; Banjesevic, 2010; Banjesevic et al ., 2019). The Paleogene sedimentary rocks occur locally in the southern part of the study area and are composed of sandstone, mudstone, shale, coal, and marl.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation and comparison of the environmental impacts of acid mine drainage‐bearing river water in the Bor and Majdanpek porphyry copper mining areas in Eastern Serbia

et al. 2021

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Mining activities in the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas in Eastern Serbia started in 1903 and 1961, respectively. Environmental problems in the Bor mining area began after the opening of the Bor mine. Long‐term pollution of river water in the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas has an environmental impact on East Europe because all of the river water from these mining areas flows into the Danube River. However, the sizes of areas with pollution and the differences between the environmental impacts of the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas are not clear. In order to determine the effects of mining activities on river water in the study area, creation of geochemical maps showing the distributions of sulfate, heavy metals, and arsenic; estimation of threshold values to discriminate anomalous values from background values; and comparison of the environmental impacts of the two mining areas were carried out. High concentrations of SO42−, Fe, As, Cu, and Mn were found in the Bor River, Krivelj River, and Bela River located in the Bor mining area. These rivers are characterized by acidic pH ranging from 2.9 to 6.2. High concentrations of these components were also measured in the Small Pek River and the upper reach of the Pek River. These rivers are located in the Majdanpek mining area and are characterized by weakly alkaline pH (7.3–8.4). The acidic river water in the Bor mining area transports large quantities of heavy metals and arsenic downstream (6,900 t/year of Fe, 42 t/year of As, 910 t/year of Cu, and 187 t/year of Mn). On the other hand, the weakly alkaline river water in the Majdanpek mining area transports smaller quantities of heavy metals and arsenic downstream (160 t/year of Fe, 0.1 t/year of As, 6 t/year of Cu, and 272 t/year of Mn). The environmental impact of the Bor mining area is significantly larger than that of the Majdanpek mining area. In addition, on the basis of the distribution of anomalous values in river water, pollution caused by mining activities reaches the Danube River, which is located more than 100 km from the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas. Concentrations of SO42−, Fe, As, Cu, and Mn in the Bela River in the Bor mining area have been greatly decreased after mixing of acidic polluted water of the Bela River with water of the Timok River containing a high bicarbonate concentration. This fact suggests that river water in the Bor and Majdanpek mining areas has sufficient capacity for neutralization. Considering appropriate countermeasures of environmental reclamation, such as artificial neutralization at some important sources of waste water before discharging the waste water from the mining sites, there is a possibility for environmental reclamation in both mining areas because unpolluted river water in the study area has sufficient capacity for neutralization in a natural system.

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Formation and evolution of the calcic-magnesian Saheb Fe (Cu) skarn deposit from the Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt, NW Iran: Evidence for multistage boiling in episodes of magnetite saturation

Baghban¹,

Zandi

Lentz

2021

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

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New Constraints on the Main Mineralization Event Inferred from the Latest Discoveries in the Bor Metallogenetic Zone (BMZ, East Serbia)

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization

The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization

Estimation and comparison of the environmental impacts of acid mine drainage‐bearing river water in the Bor and Majdanpek porphyry copper mining areas in Eastern Serbia

Formation and evolution of the calcic-magnesian Saheb Fe (Cu) skarn deposit from the Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt, NW Iran: Evidence for multistage boiling in episodes of magnetite saturation

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