PURPOSEWe conducted an in-depth exploration of family physicians' and nurses' beliefs and concerns about changes to the family health care service as a result of the new pay-for-performance scheme in the United Kingdom (Quality and Outcomes Framework [QOF]). RESULTS Participants believed the fi nancial incentives had been suffi cient to change behavior and to achieve targets. The fi ndings suggest that it is not necessary to align targets to professional priorities and values to obtain behavior change, although doing so enhances enthusiasm and understanding. Participants agreed that the aims of the pay-for-performance scheme had been met in terms of improvements in disease-specifi c processes of patient care and physician income, as well as improved data capture. It also led to unintended effects, such as the emergence of a dual QOF-patient agenda within consultations, potential deskilling of doctors as a result of the enhanced role for nurses in managing long-term conditions, a decline in personal/relational continuity of care between doctors and patients, resentment by team members not benefi ting fi nancially from payments, and concerns about an ongoing culture of performance monitoring in the United Kingdom.
METHODS
CONCLUSIONSThe QOF scheme may have achieved its declared objectives of improving disease-specifi c processes of patient care through the achievement of clinical and organizational targets and increased physician income, but our fi ndings suggest that it has changed the dynamic between doctors and nurses and the nature of the practitioner-patient consultation.