New contributions to the biodiversity of ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Antarctica, including a description of Gastronauta multistriata nov. spec.

Xu, Yuan; Shao, Chen; Fan, Xinpeng; Warren, Alan; Al‐Rasheid, Khaled A. S.; Song, Weibo; Wilbert, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s00300-015-1869-7

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Many papers emerge every year with descriptions of new ciliate species or genera, for example, from polar, coastal or mangrove wetland environments (e.g. Fan et al 2015;Pan et al 2015;Liu et al 2016;Xu et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected biodiversity of ciliates in marine samples from below the photic zone

et al. 2016

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Marine microbial eukaryotes play critical roles in planktonic food webs and have been described as most diverse in the photic zone where productivity is high. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to analyse the spatial distribution of planktonic ciliate diversity from shallow waters (<30 m depth) to beyond the continental shelf (>800 m depth) along a 163 km transect off the coast of New England, USA. We focus on ciliates in the subclasses Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia (class Spirotrichea), as these taxa are major components of marine food webs. We did not observe the decrease of diversity below the photic zone expected based on productivity and previous analyses. Instead, we saw an increase of diversity with depth. We also observed that the ciliate communities assessed by HTS cluster by depth layer and degree of water column stratification, suggesting that community assembly is driven by environmental factors. Across our samples, abundant OTUs tend to match previously characterized morphospecies while rare OTUs are more often undescribed, consistent with the idea that species in the rare biosphere remain to be characterized by microscopy. Finally, samples taken below the photic zone also reveal the prevalence of two uncharacterized (i.e. lacking sequenced morphospecies) clades - clusters X1 and X2 - that are enriched within the nano-sized fraction (2-10 μm) and are defined by deletions within the region of the SSU-rDNA analysed here. Together, these data reinforce that we still have much to learn about microbial diversity in marine ecosystems, especially in deep-waters that may be a reservoir for rare species and uncharacterized taxa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected biodiversity of ciliates in marine samples from below the photic zone

et al. 2016

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“…CYRTOPHORIANS are a group of ciliates comprised of more than 160 known morphospecies, which are distributed in a variety of different biotopes (Deroux 1970;Gong and Song 2004;Gong et al 2007;Kahl 1931;Liu et al 2017;Pan et al 2016Pan et al , 2017Qu et al 2015Qu et al , 2017Shao et al 2008;Song and Wilbert 1989;Song et al 2009;Xu et al 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Contribution to the Morphology and Phylogeny of Chlamydodon, with Three New Species from China (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria)

Pan

et al. 2017

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Three new cyrtophorian ciliates isolated from coastal areas of China were described based on morphological and genetic data. The Chlamydodon mnemosyne-like species Chlamydodon similis sp. n. differs from its congeners mainly by its number of somatic kineties. Chlamydodon oligochaetus sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners mainly by having fewer somatic kineties, and/or an elongated body shape. Chlamydodon crassidens sp. n. is characterized mainly by an inverted triangular body shape, a posteriorly interrupted cross-striated band (5-6 μm wide), and a large cytostome. Moreover, we provided small-subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences of C. similis sp. n. and C. oligochaetus sp. n. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) consistently placed C. similis sp. n. as a sister to C. paramnemosyne, but showed different branching position of C. oligochaetus sp. n., which may be due to a low taxon sampling in the Chlamydodontidae and/or an insufficient resolution of the marker gene at species level.

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“…Most cyrtophorian ciliates live as periphyton and feed on bacteria (including cyanobacteria) and/or eukaryotic microalgae [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. They are widely distributed in a variety of habitats including soil [ 15 , 16 ], freshwater [ 11 , 16 , 17 ], marine environments [ 4 , 6 , 9 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], brackish waters [ 12 , 13 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], and even glaciers in Antarctica [ 27 , 28 ]. As active bacterivores, some species commonly occur in eutrophic manmade ecosystems, such as Chilodonella uncinata , Gastronauta spp., and Trochilia minuta , which have been used as bio-indicators for monitoring sludge performance in wastewater treatment plants [ 11 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Review of Studies on Cyrtophorian Ciliates (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria) from China

Pan

Gong

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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The subclass Cyrtophoria are a group of morphologically specialized ciliates which mainly inhabit soil, freshwater, brackish water, and marine environments. In this study, we revise more than 50 publications on the taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology of cyrtophorian ciliates in China since the first publication in 1925, most of which were carried out in coastal areas. The research history can be divided into three periods: the early stage, the Tibet stage, and the molecular stage. To date, 103 morpho-species (147 isolates) have been formally recorded in China, with ciliature patterns described for 82 of them. A species checklist and an illustrated identification key to the genera are provided. A total of 100 small subunit rDNA sequences have been obtained for 74 taxonomic hits (lowest taxonomic rank to species or genus). These sequences are used for the study of molecular phylogeny. Based on these morphological data and molecular phylogeny analyses, we synthesize the understanding of the phylogeny of cyrtophorian ciliates. We hypothesize that the key evolutionary event of cyrtophorian ciliates lies in the separation of the stomatogenesis zone (postoral kineties) from the left kineties, namely, the formation of an independent “sexual organelle”. We, furthermore, briefly summarize the ecological features of cyrtophorian ciliates and provide a comprehensive bibliography of related research from China. Finally, we give an outlook on the future research directions of these taxa.

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New contributions to the biodiversity of ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Antarctica, including a description of Gastronauta multistriata nov. spec.

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Unexpected biodiversity of ciliates in marine samples from below the photic zone

Unexpected biodiversity of ciliates in marine samples from below the photic zone

A Contribution to the Morphology and Phylogeny of Chlamydodon, with Three New Species from China (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria)

Historical Review of Studies on Cyrtophorian Ciliates (Ciliophora, Cyrtophoria) from China

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