“…The extensive changes to the PVDF-HFP FTIR peaks on addition of CB demonstrate the crystal structure of the polymer undergoes structural changes in formation of the composite. Peaks in PVDF-HFP at 511 cm −1 (CF 2 [40], β-phase [41]), 658 cm −1 , 838 cm −1 (CH 2 rocking [33], β-phase [43]), 880 cm −1 (CF 2 stretching [42], α-phase [41], 1073 cm −1 (out of plan deformation [44]), 1178 cm −1 (asymmetric stretching of C-F bond [45]), 1231 cm −1 (γ-phase [46]), 1404 cm −1 (CH 2 wagging [47]), are shifted in PVDF-HFP/CB to 509 cm −1 , 656 cm −1 , 835 cm −1 (gamma phase [46]), 876 cm −1 , 1069 cm −1 , 1167 cm −1 , 1229 cm −1 , 1399 cm −1 . The peak at 1680 cm −1 (symmetrical stretching vibration of C=C [48]) has disappeared but new peaks are observed due to insertion of CB and formation of the composite.…”