This article provides a review of the genus Cheylostigmaeus Willmann (Acari: Stigmaeidae) of Russia. Female of Cheylostigmaeus bimaculatus sp. n. is described from Western Siberia. Cheylostigmaeus marinus Willmann, Ch. longisetosus Willmann, Ch. pannonicus Willmann, Ch. salinus Evans and Ch. occultatus Doğan and Doğan are reported from Russia for the first time. In addition, females and males of Cheylostigmaeus longisetosus, Ch. pannonicus, Ch. salinus and all active stages of Ch. marinus are redescribed based on materials from Russia. Moreover, a key to the Cheylostigmaeus species of Russia is provided.