New dates from the north and a proposed chronology for Irish court tombs

Murphy, Eileen; Jones, Carleton; Warren, Graeme

doi:10.3318/priac.2011.112.06

Cited by 34 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…A comparison between the sum of all dates, and those instances where only one date per phase is considered (see supplementary data) indicates that there is little significant difference between the results. We do, however, follow an overall chronological framework for the Neolithic derived through Bayesian approaches already published elsewhere (Carlin 2011b;Cooney et al 2011;Schulting 2014Schulting , 2015Schulting et al 2012;Whitehouse et al 2014). We follow archaeological convention and present Bayesian modelled phase boundaries in italics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronology of portal tombs is poorly known, although the limited available data support an early appearance, namely pre-3720 cal BC (Kytmannow 2008;Schulting 2014). Construction of court tombs began during the interval 3700-3570 cal BC, and their initial phase of use for burial probably continued slightly longer than did that of rectangular houses (Schulting et al 2012). Deposition at two passage tombs sites-the Carrowmore complex, Co. Sligo, and Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow-also began at this time (Bergh and Hensey 2013;Schulting et al 2016), although many Irish passage tombs are of the later (post-3400 cal BC), more 'developed' kind typified by Newgrange and Knowth, and undated examples are not shown in Fig.…”

Section: Final Mesolithic Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some portal tombs, court tombs and early passage tombs were still being used for burial, although it is possible that these megalithic sites were no longer being constructed. For example, there is evidence for phases of intensive passage tomb use at Carrowmore, Co. Sligo (Bergh and Hensey 2013), and the deposition of human remains continued at the court tombs of Annaghmare, Co. Armagh and Parknabinnia, Co. Clare (Schulting et al 2012) and at the portal tomb at Poulnabrone, Co. Clare (Lynch 2014;Schulting 2014). The continuing engagement with Early Neolithic funerary monuments in a changing landscape is implied, even if construction declined or ceased.…”

Section: Final Mesolithic Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

et al. 2016

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This paper synthesizes and discusses the spatial and temporal patterns of archaeological sites in Ireland, spanning the Neolithic period and the Bronze Age transition (4300-1900 cal BC), in order to explore the timing and implications of the main changes that occurred in the archaeological record of that period. Large amounts of new data are sourced from unpublished developer-led excavations and combined with national archives, published excavations and online databases. Bayesian radiocarbon models and contextand sample-sensitive summed radiocarbon probabilities are used to examine the dataset. The study captures the scale and timing of the initial expansion of Early Neolithic settlement and the ensuing attenuation of all such activity-an apparent boom-and-bust cycle. The Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods are characterised by a resurgence and diversification of activity. Contextualisation and spatial analysis of radiocarbon data reveals finer-scale patterning than is usually possible with summed-probability approaches: the boom-and-bust models of prehistoric populations may, in fact, be a misinterpretation of more subtle demographic changes occurring at the same time as cultural change and attendant differences in the archaeological record.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Mesolithic Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Final Mesolithic Irelandmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

et al. 2016

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“…We would not envisage this to represent a ubiquitous problem (though cf. Schulting et al 2011), but it does provide a warning to archaeozoologists to be especially vigilant when considering the antiquity of archived material that might find its way into ostensibly subfossil bone assemblages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland: ¹⁴C and Related Studies of Animal Bone and Environmental Material

Edwards

Nyegaard²,

Schofield³

2013

Radiocarbon

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The so-called Middle Settlement (Mellembygden) of Norse/Viking Greenland has received far less attention than either of its larger Eastern and Western counterparts. The Greenlandic Norse occupation is nominally taken to date between AD 985 and about AD 1450 and it is generally assumed that the Western Settlement was abandoned prior to the Eastern, but where the Middle Settlement fits into the pattern temporally has hitherto been completely unknown. This paper presents the first absolute dating evidence from the Middle Settlement. In addition to providing the results (14C, δ13C, δ15N) of a radiocarbon dating and stable isotope measurement program from domesticated (Bos, Ovis/Capra) and wild (Rangifer) animal bone and cultural-environmental (coastal, possibly midden) samples, the paper also addresses some problems of 14C estimation for the period of Norse occupation in Greenland. Investigations show a Medieval Scandinavian presence close to the start of the conventional landnám period (after AD 985) and with occupation continuing up to at least the 14th century AD. The start of this activity, found at 2 sites, bears comparison with various locations in both the Eastern and Western Settlement areas. The terminal phase of activity in the Middle Settlement is represented at 1 site only, but despite this limitation, it shows that the Norse may have been present for most of the period that they occupied sites in both the Western and Eastern settlements. Caribou bone from separate contexts that also contained Thule Inuit material proves useful in indicating dates for a probable post-Norse Inuit presence. The position of age estimates on the calibration curve underscores the need to look critically at such evidence when making chronological inference during the Norse period owing to the existence of plateaus and wiggles. The inclusion of samples from both domesticated and wild fauna considered to be possibly modern, yet reported from archaeological assemblages, provides a warning to archaeozoologists to be especially vigilant when considering the potential non-contemporaneity of material.

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“…This evidence suggests that the earliest farmers in these regions were instead intensively managing relatively long-lived plots (at least 10 years; Bogaard and Jones, 2007). Communities were therefore creating a sense of place not only in the construction and renovation of houses (Smyth, 2006; and mortuary monuments (Schulting et al, 2012), but also in their engagement with the M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Investigating the Management Of Crops: The Contribution Of Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neolithic farming in north-western Europe: archaeobotanical evidence from Ireland

McClatchie

Bogaard

Colledge

et al. 2014

Journal of Archaeological Science

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New dates from the north and a proposed chronology for Irish court tombs

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland: ¹⁴C and Related Studies of Animal Bone and Environmental Material

Neolithic farming in north-western Europe: archaeobotanical evidence from Ireland

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New dates from the north and a proposed chronology for Irish court tombs

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

The Changing Face of Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland: A Big Data Approach to the Settlement and Burial Records

Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland: 14C and Related Studies of Animal Bone and Environmental Material

Neolithic farming in north-western Europe: archaeobotanical evidence from Ireland

Contact Info

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Towards a First Chronology for the Middle Settlement of Norse Greenland: ¹⁴C and Related Studies of Animal Bone and Environmental Material