New Design of a CNG-H2-AIR Mixer for Internal Combustion Engines: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Mahmood, Hussein A.; Adam, Nor Mariah; Sahari, Barkawi; Masuri, Siti Ujila

doi:10.3390/en10091373

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…This requires solving the other equations for mixture fractions or species mass fraction. Within this simulation, hydrogen and air are assumed to have no reaction with one another [19,20].…”

Section: Mixing Process Without Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the Air-Gas Characteristics of Air-Hydrogen Mixer Designed for Dual Fuel – Engines

et al. 2021

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High smoke emissions, nitrogen oxide and particulate matter typically produced by diesel engines. Diminishing the exhausted emissions without doing any significant changes in their mechanical configuration is a challenging subject. Thus, adding hydrogen to the traditional fuel would be the best practical choice to ameliorate diesel engines performance and reduce emissions. The air hydrogen mixer is an essential part of converting the diesel engine to work under dual fuel mode (hydrogen-diesel) without any engine modification. In this study, the Air-hydrogen mixer is developed to get a homogenous mixture for hydrogen with air and a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio according to the speed of the engine. The mixer depends on the balance between the force exerted on the head surface of the valve and the opposite forces (the spring and friction forces) and its relation to decrease and increase the fuel inlet. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis software was utilised to study the hydrogen and airflow behaviour inside the mixer, established by 3.2 L engine. The Air-hydrogen mixer is examined with different speeds of engine1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 RPM. Results showed air-hydrogen mixture was homogenous in the mixer. Furthermore, the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio was achieved according to the speed of the engine, the developed mixer of the AIR-Hydrogen mixing process provides high mixing homogeneity and engines with stoichiometric air-fuel ratios, which subsequently contributes to the high levels of efficiency in engine operation. In summary, the current study intends to reduce the emissions of gases and offer a wide range of new alternative fuels usage. While the performance of the diesel engine with the new air-hydrogen mixer needs to be tested practically.

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Section: Mixing Process Without Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three boundary conditions considered. The air inlet boundary, the hydrogen inlet boundary and the outlet boundary [19].…”

Section: Boundary Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Air-Gas Characteristics of Air-Hydrogen Mixer Designed for Dual Fuel – Engines

et al. 2021

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“…Non-renewable alternative gaseous fuels mainly include fuels based on petroleum gas (consisting mainly of propane and butane)-Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)-fuels based on natural gas whose main component is methane-Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as well as fossil coal processing products [152][153][154][155][156].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computer Tool for Modelling CO2 Emissions in Driving Cycles for Spark Ignition Engines Powered by Biofuels

Tucki¹

2021

Energies

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A driving cycle is a record intended to reflect the regular use of a given type of vehicle, presented as a speed profile recorded over a certain period of time. It is used for the assessment of engine pollutant emissions, fuel consumption analysis and environmental certification procedures. Different driving cycles are used, depending on the region of the world. In addition, drive cycles are used by car manufacturers to optimize vehicle drivelines. The basis of the work presented in the manuscript was a developed computer tool using tests on the Toyota Camry LE 2018 chassis dynamometer, the results of the optimization process of neural network structures and the properties of fuels and biofuels. As a result of the work of the computer tool, the consumption of petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, DME, CNG, LPG and CO2 emissions for the vehicle in question were analyzed in the following driving tests: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA US06 and EPA USSC03); Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP); Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET); Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75–EPA); New European Driving Cycle (NEDC); Random Cycle Low (×05); Random Cycle High (×95); Mobile Air Conditioning Test Procedure (MAC TP); Common Artemis Driving Cycles (CADC–Artemis); Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP).

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“…Their study suggested that when the CR value is 9.6, a 5 or 10% hydrogen ratio can be used to enhance the power performance and emission performance of a diesel engine. Mahmood et al [16] designed and tested a gas mixer (CNG-H2-AIR Mixer) that mixes natural gas, hydrogen, and air. Through simulation calculations, the gas mixer is suitable for mixing air with compressed natural gas (CNG) and a mixture of hydrogen and compressed natural gas (HCNG), and it can provide a mixture with a high uniformity index to accurately control the air to gas fuel ratio at different engine speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical and Experimental Study of Marine Hydrogen–Natural Gas–Diesel Tri–Fuel Engines

Zhao

Su³

et al. 2020

Polish Maritime Research

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Maritime shipping is a key component of the global economy, representing 80–90% of international trade. To deal with the energy crisis and marine environmental pollution, hydrogen-natural gas-diesel tri-fuel engines have become an attractive option for use in the maritime industry. In this study, numerical simulations and experimental tests were used to evaluate the effects of different hydrogen ratios on the combustion and emissions from these engines. The results show that, in terms of combustion performance, as the hydrogen proportion increases, the combustion ignition delay time in the cylinder decreases and the laminar flame speed increases. The pressure and temperature in the cylinder increase and the temperature field distribution expands more rapidly with a higher hydrogen ratio. This means that the tri-fuel engine (H2+CH4+Diesel) has a faster response and better power performance than the dual-fuel engine (CH4+Diesel). In terms of emission performance, as the hydrogen proportion increases, the NO emissions increase, and CO and CO2 emissions decrease. If factors such as methane escape into the atmosphere from the engine are considered, the contribution of marine tri-fuel engines to reducing ship exhaust emissions will be even more significant. Therefore, this study shows that marine hydrogen-natural gas-diesel tri-fuel engines have significant application and research prospects.

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New Design of a CNG-H2-AIR Mixer for Internal Combustion Engines: An Experimental and Numerical Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Investigation on the Air-Gas Characteristics of Air-Hydrogen Mixer Designed for Dual Fuel – Engines

Investigation on the Air-Gas Characteristics of Air-Hydrogen Mixer Designed for Dual Fuel – Engines

A Computer Tool for Modelling CO2 Emissions in Driving Cycles for Spark Ignition Engines Powered by Biofuels

A Numerical and Experimental Study of Marine Hydrogen–Natural Gas–Diesel Tri–Fuel Engines

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