New details from the complete life cycle of the red-tide dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Ehrenberg) McCartney

Fukuda, Yasuhiro; Endoh, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2006.05.003

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, Fukuda and Endoh [32], [33] attempted to reconstruct the early evolution of dinokaryotes based on the properties of the gametes in N. scintillans ; we think this approach is problematic for several reasons. First, a comparison of trees inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences to trees inferred from Hsp90 sequences with a sufficient taxon sample (i.e., this study) demonstrate that the phylogenetic position of this lineage within dinoflagellates has not been confidently established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinoflagellate Phylogeny as Inferred from Heat Shock Protein 90 and Ribosomal Gene Sequences

Hoppenrath

Leander

2010

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundInterrelationships among dinoflagellates in molecular phylogenies are largely unresolved, especially in the deepest branches. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences provide phylogenetic signals only at the tips of the dinoflagellate tree. Two reasons for the poor resolution of deep dinoflagellate relationships using rDNA sequences are (1) most sites are relatively conserved and (2) there are different evolutionary rates among sites in different lineages. Therefore, alternative molecular markers are required to address the deeper phylogenetic relationships among dinoflagellates. Preliminary evidence indicates that the heat shock protein 90 gene (Hsp90) will provide an informative marker, mainly because this gene is relatively long and appears to have relatively uniform rates of evolution in different lineages.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe more than doubled the previous dataset of Hsp90 sequences from dinoflagellates by generating additional sequences from 17 different species, representing seven different orders. In order to concatenate the Hsp90 data with rDNA sequences, we supplemented the Hsp90 sequences with three new SSU rDNA sequences and five new LSU rDNA sequences. The new Hsp90 sequences were generated, in part, from four additional heterotrophic dinoflagellates and the type species for six different genera. Molecular phylogenetic analyses resulted in a paraphyletic assemblage near the base of the dinoflagellate tree consisting of only athecate species. However, Noctiluca was never part of this assemblage and branched in a position that was nested within other lineages of dinokaryotes. The phylogenetic trees inferred from Hsp90 sequences were consistent with trees inferred from rDNA sequences in that the backbone of the dinoflagellate clade was largely unresolved.Conclusions/SignificanceThe sequence conservation in both Hsp90 and rDNA sequences and the poor resolution of the deepest nodes suggests that dinoflagellates reflect an explosive radiation in morphological diversity in their recent evolutionary past. Nonetheless, the more comprehensive analysis of Hsp90 sequences enabled us to infer phylogenetic interrelationships of dinoflagellates more rigorously. For instance, the phylogenetic position of Noctiluca, which possesses several unusual features, was incongruent with previous phylogenetic studies. Therefore, the generation of additional dinoflagellate Hsp90 sequences is expected to refine the stem group of athecate species observed here and contribute to future multi-gene analyses of dinoflagellate interrelationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dinoflagellate Phylogeny as Inferred from Heat Shock Protein 90 and Ribosomal Gene Sequences

Hoppenrath

Leander

2010

PLoS ONE

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“…Horizontal transmission is the main suggested mechanism of symbiont acquisition in many planktonic symbioses on the basis that aposymbiotic hosts are observed at the beginning and at the end of their life cycle. When the dinofl agellate Noctiluca undergoes gametogenesis, a large number of gametes (up to 1000) of about 10 μm in size are produced (Fukuda and Endoh 2006 ); however, no microalgal symbionts have been observed in the gametes or in newly produced vegetative cells (pers. communication, K. Furuya).…”

Section: Symbiont Transmission and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

2015

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Some of the most enigmatic components in the plankton are the diverse eukaryotic protists that live in close association with one or more partners. Mutualistic and commensal planktonic interactions are most commonly encountered in the oligotrophic open ocean at tropical and subtropical latitudes. They are functionally and ecologically distinct, and involve a great taxonomic diversity of single-celled partners. Protists like Foraminifera, Radiolaria, dinofl agellates and diatoms can all harbor microalgal symbionts of eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin inside (endosymbiosis) and/or outside (ectosymbiosis) their cytoplasm. Such symbioses (photosymbioses) combine phototrophy, heterotrophy and sometimes dinitrogen (N 2 ) fi xation (reduction of N 2 to ammonium). Symbiotic microorganisms therefore represent an important component of marine ecosystems and play a role in the food web and biogeochemical cycling (e.g., carbon and nitrogen). Despite their important ecological function and early recognition in the late nineteenth century, our knowledge about the diversity, distribution, and metabolic exchanges for many of the photosymbioses remains rudimentary compared with the other marine and terrestrial symbioses. Recent technical advances in single-cell genomics and imaging have greatly improved our understanding about planktonic symbioses. This review aims to present and compare many eukaryote-eukaryote and eukaryote-prokaryote photosymbioses described so far in the open ocean with an emphasis on their ecology and potential function in the ecosystem.

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“…One of the most common organisms in this group is Noctiluca scintillans (Ehrenberg) Macartney. N. scintillans is a large non-photosynthetic dinoflagellate with worldwide distribution which dominates some communities of plankton grazers and occasionally causes spectacular and striking red tides in several coastal regions of the world (Fung and Trott, 1973;Schaumann et al, 1988;Huang and Qi, 1997;Elbrä chter and Qi, 1998;Dela-Cruz et al, 2002;FondaUmani et al, 2004;Fukuda and Endoh, 2006). N. scintillans appears in the water column in two distinctive morphotypes: the tropical or green form, which contains endosymbiontic algae (Sweeney, 1976;Hansen et al, 2004;Furuya et al, 2006) and the strictly heterotrophic or red form that inhabits more temperate waters (Kiørboe and Titelman, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ingestion and clearance rates of the red Noctiluca scintillans fed on the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Halim)

Frangópulos¹,

Spyrakos²,

Guisande³

2011

Harmful Algae

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New details from the complete life cycle of the red-tide dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Ehrenberg) McCartney

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Dinoflagellate Phylogeny as Inferred from Heat Shock Protein 90 and Ribosomal Gene Sequences

Dinoflagellate Phylogeny as Inferred from Heat Shock Protein 90 and Ribosomal Gene Sequences

Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists

Ingestion and clearance rates of the red Noctiluca scintillans fed on the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (Halim)

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