New developments in battery safety for large-scale systems

Abstract

Battery safety is a multidisciplinary field that involves addressing challenges at the individual component level, cell level, as well as the system level. These concerns are magnified when addressing large, high-energy battery systems for grid-scale, electric vehicle, and aviation applications. This article seeks to introduce common concepts in battery safety as well as common technical concerns in the safety of large rechargeable systems. Lithium-ion batteries represent the most significant technology in high-energy rechargeable batteries and a technology with well-known safety concerns. Because of this, particular attention is paid to introduce common concepts and concerns specific to these batteries. An introduction of system-level battery issues that may cause problems in larger systems is given. Finally, a brief summary of the gaps in emergent technologies is provided. As most of the effort in new technologies goes toward improving performance, there are significant gaps in understanding safety performance of these new batteries.

Rechargeable Batteries for Grid Scale Energy Storage

“…Syntheses with complex technologies that operate under harsh conditions with rare ingredients and rigorous circumstances should be largely avoided in the mass production of batteries for GSES. Instead, facile, large-scale, energy-saving, pollution-free, and low-cost methodologies should be encouragingly implemented throughout the entire battery fabrication process . The internal situations of commercial-level batteries exhibit discrepancies with the lab-level ones and the major issues in the former are generally different from that in the latter.…”

“…Instead, facile, large-scale, energy-saving, pollution-free, and low-cost methodologies should be encouragingly implemented throughout the entire battery fabrication process. 68 The internal situations of commercial-level batteries exhibit discrepancies with the lab-level ones and the major issues in the former are generally different from that in the latter. The existing problems will be enlarged, and elaborate optimizations at lab- level may not work well in practical applications.…”

Battery Management System for Unmanned Electric Vehicles with CAN BUS and Internet of Things

“…Other safety-critical issues of batteries include thermal issues, over-charging or overdischarging, over-current, and so on [43][44][45][46][47][48]. Among these issues, thermal issues are considered to be the most critical.…”

“…The overdischarging does not cause a critical hazard; however, a battery cell can become a "dead cell" after extreme over-discharging. The over-discharging results in the internal electro-chemical effects which shorten the batteries' life cycle and safety [48,52,53]. A more detailed and scientific analysis of these issues, especially from the electrochemical viewpoint, can be found in [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

A Monte Carlo simulator to investigate cell‐to‐cell deviation in a grid‐tied battery pack

“…With the increasing awareness of the importance of CtCV, modern battery pack techniques (e.g. cell balancing [28], manufacturing and management [29]) have been developed to improve battery performance and safety.…”