New Developments in Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Children

Gonzalez, Mark D.; McElvania, Erin

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.11.006

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Rapid antigen tests have lower sensitivity and specificity, and may therefore be less reliable for diagnosis. 39,40 Fourth, we did not specify rapid antigen detection test kits in the inclusion criteria; therefore, the 18 hospitals may not have used the same products. This could have resulted in some detection bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Patterns of Infectious Diseases Among Hospitalized Children in Hokkaido, Japan, in the Post-COVID-19 Era, July 2019 to June 2022

Fukuda

Togashi

Hirakawa

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Many reports have reported a reduction in respiratory infectious diseases and infectious gastroenteritis immediately after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but data continuing into 2022 are very limited. We sought to understand the current situation of various infectious diseases among children in Japan as of July 2022 to improve public health in the post-COVID-19 era. Methods: We collected data on children hospitalized with infectious diseases in 18 hospitals in Japan from July 2019 to June 2022. Results: In total, 3417 patients were hospitalized during the study period. Respiratory syncytial virus decreased drastically after COVID-19 spread in early 2020, and few patients were hospitalized for it from April 2020 to March 2021. However, an unexpected out-of-season re-emergence of respiratory syncytial virus was observed in August 2021 (50 patients per week), particularly prominent among older children 3–6 years old. A large epidemic of delayed norovirus gastroenteritis was observed in April 2021, suggesting that the nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 are less effective against norovirus. However, influenza, human metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and rotavirus gastroenteritis were rarely seen for more than 2 years. Conclusions: The incidence patterns of various infectious diseases in Japan have changed markedly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic to the present. The epidemic pattern in the post-COVID-19 era is unpredictable and will require continued careful surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Patterns of Infectious Diseases Among Hospitalized Children in Hokkaido, Japan, in the Post-COVID-19 Era, July 2019 to June 2022

Fukuda

Togashi

Hirakawa

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…However, large multicenter studies using routine ED data are needed. 15 The aim of this study is to describe the use of rapid viral testing in routine practice in febrile children with respiratory symptoms, 0-18 years of age attending EDs in Europe. The study evaluates the association between antibiotic prescription and: (1) rapid viral test usage and (2) rapid viral test outcome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid Viral Testing and Antibiotic Prescription in Febrile Children With Respiratory Symptoms Visiting Emergency Departments in Europe

Tan

Hagedoorn

Dewez

et al. 2021

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing often occurs in children with self-limiting respiratory tract infections, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. It has been suggested that rapid viral testing can reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. We aimed to assess the association between rapid viral testing at the Emergency Department (ED) and antibiotic prescription in febrile children. Methods. This study is part of the MOFICHE study, which is an observational multicenter study including routine data of febrile children (0-18 years) attending 12 European EDs. In children with respiratory symptoms visiting 6 EDs equipped with rapid viral testing, we performed multivariable logistic regression analysis regarding rapid viral testing and antibiotic prescription adjusted for patient characteristics, disease severity, diagnostic tests, focus of infection, admission, and ED. Results.A rapid viral test was performed in 1061 children (8%) and not performed in 11,463 children. Rapid viral test usage was not associated with antibiotic prescription (aOR 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8-1.1). A positive rapid viral test was associated with less antibiotic prescription compared with children without test performed (aOR 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5-0.8), which remained significant after adjustment for CRP and chest radiograph result. Twenty percent of the positively tested children received antibiotics. A negative rapid viral test was not associated with antibiotic prescription (aOR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4). Conclusions. Rapid viral test usage did not reduce overall antibiotic prescription, whereas a positive rapid viral test did reduce antibiotic prescription at the ED. Implementation of rapid viral testing in routine emergency care and compliance to the rapid viral test outcome will reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing at the ED.

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“…RDTs using molecular techniques are now commercially available for the identification of various microbial etiological agents, including syphilis (37), invasive Streptococcus pyogenes (38), and helpful in differentiating bacterial from viral causes of respiratory diseases (39). This innovation has also led to several approved devices that can rapidly assess (<1-24hrs) the antimicrobial identification and sensitivity when there is infection (40,41). However, RDTs may not be readily available in resource-constrained settings like ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial stewardship among Nigerian children: A pilot study of the knowledge, attitude, and practices of prescribers at two tertiary healthcare facilities in Bayelsa State

Orubu

Robert

Emuren

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), the evidence-based use of antimicrobials, is an effective strategy in controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans by reducing the irrational use of antimicrobials. Stewardship in children is less studied. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physicians prescribing antibiotics to children in Bayelsa State, Nigeria to identify gaps in AMS and possible solutions. Following ethical approval, a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among 40 paediatricians and gynaecologists at the two public tertiary healthcare facilities in Bayelsa State – the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital and the Federal Medical Centre – for self-completion. Responses were expressed as percentages and analyzed using Bloom’s cutoffs. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model was employed to identify gaps for intervention in prescribing behavior with gaps in each component identified by aggregate scores <80%. Perceived approaches to improve prescribing among 14 selected options were assessed using 5-point Likert scales and options with scores >90% rated the most acceptable. Questionnaires were administered from August to September 2021. The response rate was 68% (27/40). Participants were paediatricians (81%, 22/27) and gynaecologists (19%, 5/27). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was not performed before antibiotic selection nine times out of 10 (89%, 24/27). In a third (37%, 10/27) of cases, 2-3 antibiotics were prescribed. The top three antibiotics, in rank order, were: cefuroxime or amoxicillin 41% (11/27); ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin 30% (8/27), and azithromycin (33%, 9/27). Aggregate COM-B scores were: capability, 74%; opportunity, 78%; and motivation, 87%. The most acceptable (100%, 27/27) options to improving antibiotic prescribing were: availability of resistance data, availability of guidelines, readily accessible microbiological data, and easy access to infectious disease physicians. There are gaps in knowledge of AMR and opportunity for rational prescribing. There is need for antimicrobial resistance data to promote pediatric AMS at the surveyed healthcare facilities.

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New Developments in Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Children

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Changing Patterns of Infectious Diseases Among Hospitalized Children in Hokkaido, Japan, in the Post-COVID-19 Era, July 2019 to June 2022

Changing Patterns of Infectious Diseases Among Hospitalized Children in Hokkaido, Japan, in the Post-COVID-19 Era, July 2019 to June 2022

Rapid Viral Testing and Antibiotic Prescription in Febrile Children With Respiratory Symptoms Visiting Emergency Departments in Europe

Antimicrobial stewardship among Nigerian children: A pilot study of the knowledge, attitude, and practices of prescribers at two tertiary healthcare facilities in Bayelsa State

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