New Developments with H− Sources

Sherman, J.D.; Rouleau, G.

doi:10.1063/1.1619886

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…Essentially, all of the sources operating on accelerators today have their physical bases described in this conference series. References [9]- [12] are relevant source reviews for accelerator applications, while [13]- [16] focus on high power, high intensity requirements for accelerators such as the spallation neutron source (SNS), the European spallation source (ESS), the CERN superconducting proton linac (SPL), the KEK/Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Joint Project (J-PARC) and the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, upgrade projects. The principal efforts in source technology today are directed toward fusion energy applications (described elsewhere in this volume), and comparatively low-emittance sources with long duty factor (up to continuous wave (CW) mode) for high-energy accelerator applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

Moehs

Peters

Sherman

2005

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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A variety of H ion sources are in use at accelerator laboratories around the world. A list of these ion sources includes surface plasma sources with magnetron, Penning and surface converter geometries as well as magnetic-multipole volume sources with and without cesium. Just as varied is the means of igniting and maintaining magnetically confined plasmas. Hot and cold cathodes, radio frequency, and microwave power are all in use, as well as electron tandem source ignition. The extraction systems of accelerator H ion sources are highly specialized utilizing magnetic and electric fields in their low energy beam transport systems to produce direct current, as well as pulsed and/or chopped beams with a variety of time structures. Within this paper, specific ion sources utilized at accelerator laboratories shall be reviewed along with the physics of surface and volume H production in regard to source emittance. Current research trends including aperture modeling, thermal modeling, surface conditioning, and laser diagnostics will also be discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

Moehs

Peters

Sherman

2005

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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Electrode activation in cesium-free negative ion sources

Dudnikov

Johnson

2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Features of emission electrode activation leading to enhancement of negative ion emission in cesium-free discharges are discussed. In some ion sources with cesium-free discharges, the emission of negative ions has been increased significantly by emission electrode activation using strong heating of the negative biased electrode by discharge plasma. A simple explanation of this enhancement is that it is due to an accumulation on the emission surface of the plasma electrode of impurities with low ionization potential that decreases in surface work function and increases the secondary emission of negative ions similar to "Cesiation." The negative biasing of emission surface is important for accumulation and trapping the impurities on the emission surface. To effectively control the activation process it is important to directly detect the evolution of the work function and the impurity concentration during electrode activation with enhancement of negative ion emission.

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Relative Contribution of Volume and Surface-Plasma Generation of Negative Ions in Gas Discharges

Dudnikov

Proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference

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Surface-plasma generation of extracted Н -ions in gas discharges without the addition of cesium is analyzed. At the present time, it is common consensus that surfaceplasma generation of extracted Н -ions dominates above volume processes in discharges with the admixture of cesium or other catalysts with low ionization potential. We will present evidence that surface-plasma generation can be enhanced in high density discharges without cesium after electrode activation by high temperature conditioning in the discharge. The diffusion of impurities with low ionization potential is the presumed cause of the observed H -emission enhancement. For the effective generation of Н -ion beams in discharges without cesium, it is necessary to optimize surface-plasma generation of extracted Н -ions. Such optimization allows considerable improvement of Н -/D -sources characteristics.

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New Developments with H− Sources

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

Negative hydrogen ion sources for accelerators

Electrode activation in cesium-free negative ion sources

Relative Contribution of Volume and Surface-Plasma Generation of Negative Ions in Gas Discharges

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