New Dimensions to the Epipalaeolithic of the Wadi el-Jilat in Central Jordan.

Garrard, Andrew; Byrd, Brian F.

doi:10.3406/paleo.1992.4562

Cited by 47 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The available Kebaran 14 C ages include series or single determinations made in the last three decades from several sites in Israel and Jordan. These include Rakefet Cave, Nahal Oren, Ein-Gev (Arensburg and Bar-Yosef, 1973), Kharaneh (Muheisen, 1988), Wadi el-Jilat 6 (Garrard and Byrd, 1992), and Meged rockshelter (Barzilai, 2001). Additional 14 C ages from Jordan are reported in Byrd (1998:67 -69) and include dates from the following Kabaran sites: Uwaynid 14 and 18; Wadi Hammeh 26, 31, 50, 51, and 52; Tor el Tareeq; and Madamagh and Tabaqat el-Buma.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct luminescence chronology of the Epipaleolithic Kebaran site of Nahal Hadera V, Israel

et al. 2003

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We report direct luminescence ages for the culture-bearing sediments of the Kebaran site of Nahal Hadera V (NHV) in the coastal plain of Israel. Although the site contains, in addition to rich lithic deposits, plentiful mammalian bone, it has proved to be undatable using radiocarbon dating, in spite of the fact that the cultural context places the time of occupation well within the range of radiocarbon dating. In contrast, luminescence dating of the site sediments proved successful. Luminescence ages were determined using the single aliquot additive-dose (SAA) method, applied to sand-sized quartz extracts to determine past equivalent doses (D e ). Dose rates (R) were calculated using thick source alpha counting for the uranium (U) and thorium (Th) concentrations and x-ray fluorescence analysis for the potassium (K 2 0) concentration. Of the five samples collected at the site, four represent cultural and subcultural deposits and the fifth represents the geological substrate for the archaeological deposit, a quartzrich, carbonate-cemented dune sand known as aeolianite or kurkar. The luminescence age of the kurkar is 42.7 Ϯ 6.3 ka. Human occupation of the site occurred between 21.3 ka and 14.0 ka ago, during the Last Glacial Maximum. ᭧

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct luminescence chronology of the Epipaleolithic Kebaran site of Nahal Hadera V, Israel

et al. 2003

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“…Research into the Late Epipalaeolithic in the eastern part of the Levant began in earnest only in the 1980s with the initiation of large-scale fieldwork projects by Andrew Garrard and his team in the Wadi el-Jilat and the Azraq Oasis (Garrard et al 1977;Garrard et al 1985;Garrard et al 1988;Garrard 1991;Garrard & Byrd 1992;Garrard et al 1994;Garrard 1998;Garrard & Byrd 2013: 178-298). Surveys in the harra and hamad by Betts (Betts 1991;1998: 11-36;Betts & Helms 1991: 183-190), also produced evidence for significant Late Epipalaeolithic occupations in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surveys in the harra and hamad by Betts (Betts 1991;1998: 11-36;Betts & Helms 1991: 183-190), also produced evidence for significant Late Epipalaeolithic occupations in this region. Until recently, only four Late Epipalaeolithic sites were excavated in eastern Jordan: Azraq 18 (Garrard 1991;Garrard & Byrd 2013: 291-297), Wadi Jilat 22 (Garrard & Byrd 1992, Khallat Anaza (Betts 1991; and Bawab al-Ghazal (Rollefson et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary analysis of the Late Natufian ground stone from Shubayqa 1, Jordan

Pedersen¹,

Richter²,

Arranz‐Otaegui³

2016

JLS

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Abstract:Shubayqa 1 is a newly identified early and late Natufian site in the harra desert of northeastern Jordan. In addition to buildings, and rich chipped stone, faunal, and botanical assemblages, the site has produced a large collection of ground stone tools. This paper presents the result of a preliminary study of the ground stone artefacts associated with the late Natufian phase. Results indicate that while the assemblage is overall very similar to other Natufian sites in the Mediterranean zone, there are also some notable differences. Although grinding rather than pounding tools appear to be more important at the site, many tools were seemingly involved in both grinding and pounding activities. We hypothesize that this dual function could be explained by the processing of rhizome tubers, which were found in abundance at the site, and which may have represented an important food source for the inhabitants. In addition, we argue that the relationship between ground stone tools and cereal processing has been overemphasized and the processing of other plant food resources, in this case tubers could have been equally significant. While the processing of plant foods was one function, many tools are also associated with pigment stains, suggesting that they were involved in the processing of non-vegetal matter.

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“…These groups moved their residential camps several times each year in patterns that varied depending on the local setting (Goring-Morris, 1995; Henry, 1997Henry, , 2002. Several extremely large sites, such as Wadi Jilat 6 ( Garrard and Byrd, 1992) and Kharaneh IV (Muheisen, 1988), were occupied in the southern Levant. These sites may well represent settings where larger populations briefly coalesced together annually (Garrard and Byrd, 1992;Goring-Morris, 1995).…”

Section: Early and Middle Epipaleolithicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessing the Emergence of Village Life in the Near East

Byrd

2005

J Archaeol Res

146

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This article reassesses the timing, context, and impetus for the onset of sedentary, complex hunter-gatherers, food production, and village life in the Near East during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Drawing on recent paleoclimatic and archaeological results, I argue that sedentism and then village life were rapid rather than gradual events that occurred during optimal climatic conditions and took place in resource-rich settings. These two social milestones included fundamental changes in economic strategies, social interaction, and ideology. Only by understanding the interplay between preexisting social institutions and human agency within communities prior to and during these periods of major social change will we be able to understand how and why food production began.

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New Dimensions to the Epipalaeolithic of the Wadi el-Jilat in Central Jordan.

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Direct luminescence chronology of the Epipaleolithic Kebaran site of Nahal Hadera V, Israel

Direct luminescence chronology of the Epipaleolithic Kebaran site of Nahal Hadera V, Israel

Preliminary analysis of the Late Natufian ground stone from Shubayqa 1, Jordan

Reassessing the Emergence of Village Life in the Near East

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