“…Writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) is a complex, challenging, and non-linear process (Suvin, 2020) that requires writers to engage various cognitive skills (Crossley & McNamara, 2016). Such non-linear processes are characterized by continuous planning, drafting, and revision (Ransdell & Barbier, 2002). As writing is a cognitive activity, teachers play an essential role in guiding students to improve their writing skills (Javadi-Safa, 2018).…”