New directions in information technology law: learning from human–computer interaction

Urquhart, Lachlan; Rodden, Tom

doi:10.1080/13600869.2017.1298501

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…From a governance perspective, it is important to learn lessons from the Web space, to ensure such manipulation, price differentiation and perceptions of targeting do not come to dominate EAI applications embedded in the physical spaces of everyday life too. More innovative approaches to designing consent mechanisms in retail, for example, will be needed, especially given interest in 'user experience' and their anticipated 'trajectory' through stores (Urquhart and Rodden, 2017).…”

Section: Loss Of Ephemeralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the 'trajectory' of the user experience (UX) (Benford, et al, 2009) with a system could help in designing consent mechanisms, by examining the nature of the interface, the types of users, how long they interact with it and in what domain (Urquhart and Rodden, 2017). With multiple devices feeding the mosaic of emotional state detection, there are numerous UX possibilities where devices have varying affordances and signifiers to communicate consent information with users (Norman, 2014).…”

Section: Type Of Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘This time with feeling?’ Assessing EU data governance implications of out of home appraisal based emotional AI

McStay¹,

Urquhart²

2019

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The boundaries of personal space and borders of bodily integrity are being tested by deployments of emotional artificial intelligence (EAI) in private and public spaces. By means of sensing, seeing and machine learning of facial expressions, voice, gaze, gestures and range of physiological signals (heart rate, skin conductivity and temperature, muscle activity, body temperature, respiration and other bio-signals), the goal is to make interior emotional life machine-readable for personal, commercial and security objectives.In this paper, we focus on computer vision and face-based analytics to consider the nature, method and development of facial coding, the potential demise of existing approaches, and the rise of even more invasive methods. Criticisms of facial coding have long existed, but recent scholarship and industrial development signals a lack of confidence in ‘basic emotions’ and a turn to appraisal-based accounts of emotion. This inevitably entails use of data about internal physiological and experiential contexts, but also factors external to an individual. To explore this, this paper asks and answers the following question: With regard to deployment in out-of-home situations, what are the legal and privacy implications of appraisal-based emotion capture?

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Section: Loss Of Ephemeralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type Of Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘This time with feeling?’ Assessing EU data governance implications of out of home appraisal based emotional AI

McStay¹,

Urquhart²

2019

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“…unlike with phone interfaces largely harmonised by the operating system). On the other hand, communicating information for consent purposes may use affordances of devices, for example with beeps, speech, lights and video, to overcome inadequacies of text heavy terms and conditions which users do not read due to complexity and time to read and cannot negotiate even if they did (Ewa Luger, Moran, and Rodden 2013;Urquhart and Rodden 2017).…”

Section: Occupant Rights Over Flows Collection Use and Control Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Architecture: regulating human building interaction

Urquhart

Schnädelbach

Jäger

2019

International Review of Law, Computers & Technology

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In this paper we explore regulatory, technical and interactional implications of Adaptive Architecture, a novel trend emerging in the built environment. We provide a comprehensive description of the emergence and history of the term, with reference to the current state of the art and policy foundations supporting it e.g. smart city initiatives and building regulations. As Adaptive Architecture is underpinned by the Internet of Things (IoT), we are interested in how regulatory and surveillance issues posed by the IoT manifest in buildings too. To support our analysis, we utilise a prominent concept from architecture, Stuart Brand's Shearing Layers model, which describes the different physical layers of a building and how they relate to temporal change. To ground our analysis, we use three cases of Adaptive Architecture, namely an IoT device (Nest Smart Cam IQ); an Adaptive Architecture research prototype, (ExoBuilding); and a commercial deployment (the Edge). In bringing together Shearing Layers, Adaptive Architecture and the challenges therein, we frame our analysis under 5 key themes. These are guided by emerging information privacy and security regulations. We explore the issues Adaptive Architecture needs to face for: A-'Physical & information security'; B-'Establishing responsibility'; C-'occupant rights over flows, collection, use & control of personal data'; D-'Visibility of Emotions and Bodies'; & E-'Surveillance of Everyday Routine Activities'. We conclude by summarising key challenges for Adaptive Architecture, regulation and the future of human building interaction.

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“…More holistically, there are many opportunities for IT designers, as a new type of regulator, to engage with regulation and do PbD in practice [86]. Domains of IT design like privacy enhancing technologies (PETS) [14], privacy engineering [26][76] usable privacy [42] and human data interaction [57] all have methodologies and frameworks to offer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realising the right to data portability for the domestic Internet of things

Urquhart

Sailaja

McAuley

2017

Pers Ubiquit Comput

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2 We use terminology of 'information privacy' instead of 'data protection' in this paper. 3 Art 25 (1) GDPR "Taking into account the state of the art, the cost of implementation and the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing as well as the risks of varying likelihood and severity for rights and freedoms of natural persons posed by the processing, the controller shall, both at the time of the determination of the means for processing and at the time of the processing itself, implement appropriate technical and organisational measures, such as pseudonymisation, which are designed to implement data-protection principles, such as data minimisation, in an effective manner and to integrate the necessary safeguards into the processing in order to meet the requirements of this Regulation and protect the rights of data subjects.

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New directions in information technology law: learning from human–computer interaction

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

‘This time with feeling?’ Assessing EU data governance implications of out of home appraisal based emotional AI

‘This time with feeling?’ Assessing EU data governance implications of out of home appraisal based emotional AI

Adaptive Architecture: regulating human building interaction

Realising the right to data portability for the domestic Internet of things

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