New directions in tin sulfide materials chemistry

Abstract

Tin sulfide-based materials can exist in many forms, ranging from discrete molecular species, to 1D chains, 2D dense and porous sheets and 3D open frameworks. The local coordination geometry around a tin center may vary from trigonal pyramidal, to tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral, and around sulfur from terminal, v-shaped to trigonal pyramidal. The oxidation state may take +2 and +4 for tin and −2, −1, 0 for sulfur. The tin sulfide chemistry is further enriched by the catenation ability of sulfur. In addition, other elements (metal and non-metal) can be incorporated into the tin sulfide structures to yield ternary and quaternary materials. More importantly, using the recent developed 'soft chemistry' synthetic approach, various novel porous tin (poly)sulfide materials have emerged that display interesting optical, electrical and adsorption properties. Representative tin sulfide materials will be presented and discussed in this review to demonstrate the development of tin sulfide chemistry in the last three decades. monomeric8 (SnS 4)4−, dimeric9,10 (Sn 2 S 6 )4− and (Sn 2 S 7 )6−

Self-assembled templates for the generation of arrays of 1-dimensional nanostructures: From molecules to devices

“…It is beyond the scope of this Consequently, these structures may find use in such applications as thermoelectrics, optoelectronics and photovoltaic devices [166][167][168]. …”

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Raman Vibrations of Chalcogenide SnS Nanorods

“…Inorganic materials with different morphologies, which have the same chemical composition, may exhibit different properties [16]. In recent years, SnS nanostructures have been prepared by various methods, such as hydrothermal method [5], solvothermal method [17,18], aqueous solution method [19], and polyol route [20].…”

“…Also the orthorhombic herzenbergite modification of SnS possesses a layered structure consisting where the Sn and S atoms are tightly bonded in a layer and layers are bonded by weak Van der Waals forces [6] Importantly, SnS exhibits both the p-and ntype conduction depending on the concentration of tin [7]. The narrowband gap and the interesting structural property of SnS make it a potential candidate for solar absorber in thin film solar cell and near-infrared (NIR) detector [8,9], as photovoltaic materials [10] and in holographic recording medium [11]. Moreover, it has the advantage of its constituent elements being abundant in nature and not posing any health and environmental hazards.…”

“…Among them, tin chalcogenide based materials such as tin sulfide semiconducting nanomaterial has attained immense importance owing to its interesting potential applications such as photodetectors, optoelectronics, and data storage [3,4]. SnS is a narrow bandgap semiconductor with an optical band gap of direct transitions 1.32-1.5 eV and indirect transitions 1-1.3 eV [5]. Additionally, it has the advantage that its constituent elements are abundant in nature and not possessing any health and environmental hazards.…”

Optimization of S:Sn precursor molar concentration on the physical properties of spray deposited single phase Sn2S3thin films

“…Tin forms a variety of sulfides, such as SnS, SnS 2 , Sn 2 S 3 , Sn 3 S 4 , Sn 4 S 5 and numerous polysulfide anions. Among these sulfides, SnS 2 and SnS exhibit layered structures while Sn 2 S 3 exhibits ribbon like structure [1]. Sn 2 S 3 normally crystallizes in orthorhombic phase consisting of infinite double rutile strings of Sn IV S 6 octahedra parallel to the c-axis, with the Sn(II) atoms being attached laterally [2].…”