New drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Preventive actions of a high dose of glucosamine on adjuvant arthritis in rats

“…In our study, glucosamine (300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the progression of rat adjuvant arthritis (Figs. [1][2][3][4][5]. Of note, we unexpectedly found that 1000 mg/kg of glucosamine less potently suppressed the adjuvant arthritis (i.e., swelling of FCA-injected right and -uninjected left hind paws, arthritis score, histopathological change of joints, NO and PGE 2 production and body weight-change) compared with 300 mg/kg of glucosamine (Figs.…”

“…NSAIDs are largely used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, although they have gastric and renal toxicities [2]. Furthermore, NSAID treatment is reported to enhance joint destruction in articular disorders by inhibiting glycosamino- Vol.…”

“…res. 54 (2005) 127 -132 1023-3830/05/030127-06 DOI 10.1007/s00011-004-1333-6 tory drugs (NSAIDs) are largely used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in spite of their gastric and renal toxicities [2]. Although NSAIDs are efficient in reducing symptoms such as pain and edema, they have no effect on the basic disease process and do not protect against tissue or joint injury [3].…”

The anti-arthritic and anti-oxidative effect of NBD (6-nitro-1,3-benzodioxane) in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats

“…These agents impact the symptoms of the disease, i.e., mainly the pain rather than the underlying process. In addition, though these drugs have provided an important mean of controlling inflammation and pain in arthritis, their application has been overshadowed by the gastrointestinal tract side effects, when considering classical NSAIDs [40][41][42][43][44][45][46], and other side effects when considering COX-2 inhibitors [47]. Furthermore, it has been shown that NSAID treatment enhances joint destruction in arthritis [48,49] and inhibits glycosaminoglycans synthesis by articular chondrocytes [50].…”

Anti-arthritic effect of GN1, a novel synthetic analog of glucosamine, in the collagen-induced arthritis model in rats

“…The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids are widely used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in spite of their systemic, gastric, and renal toxicities [33][34][35][36][37][38]. Although NSAIDs are efficient in reducing symptoms such as pain and edema, they have no effect on the basic disease process and do not protect against tissue or joint injury [39].…”