New Dust Standards for British Coal Mines

Jacobsen, Michael Hviid; Rae, S.; Walton, W H; Rogan, J. M.

doi:10.1038/227445a0

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although the major types of asbestos used commercially differ both physically and chemically, the legislation in many countries lays down one standard which is applied to several or all forms (Zielhuis, 1977). For coal dust, the work of Jacobsen et al (1970) has shown that the mass of respirable airborne duist corresponds more closely with radiological change than does particle number. Unfortunately similar data do not exist for asbestos.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass and number of fibres in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related lung disease in rats

Davis¹,

Beckett²,

Bolton³

et al. 1978

Br J Cancer

199

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Summary.-Five groups of rats were treated by inhalation for 12 months with the U.I.C.C. preparations of the 3 main commercially used asbestos types, chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite. The experiment was designed so that the effects of both fibre mass and fibre number could be examined. The results indicated that chrysotile dust caused far more lung fibrosis than either amphibole type even when the fibre numbers in the dust clouds were similar. All malignant pulmonary neoplasms found during this study occurred in animals treated with chrysotile. The fibre-number calculations used for the generation of dust clouds were evaluated using the parameters recommended by the Health and Safety Executive in 1976, by which all fibres over 5 ,um long are counted using a phase-contrast light microscope. When fibrelength distributions were calculated using a scanning electron microscope, however, it was found that the chrysotile clouds used in this study contained many more fibres over 20 ,um long than either of the amphibole clouds. The results, therefore, support previous suggestions that long asbestos fibres are more dangerous than short. They also indicate that neither a single mass standard, nor the present fibre-number standards are satisfactory.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass and number of fibres in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related lung disease in rats

Davis¹,

Beckett²,

Bolton³

et al. 1978

Br J Cancer

199

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“…A good deal of work has been done to document the effects of coal mine dust on respiratory disease (25,(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Results of a study of dust exposure in surface coal mines suggest these observations may apply to comparable dust levels experienced in other coal handling situations.…”

Section: Health and Safety Aspects Of Coal-fired Power Plants Health mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Epidemiological studies in Great Britain have been of major importance in developing the current U.S. 2 mg/m3 respirable dust standard (30). Too little time, however, has passed since implementation of this standard, to assess its effectiveness in controlling CWP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational safety and health implications of increased coal utilization.

Bridbord¹,

Costello²,

Gamble³

et al. 1979

Environ Health Perspect

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An area of major concern in considering increased coal production and utilization is the health and safety of increased numbers of workers who mine, process, or utilize coal. Hazards related to mining activities in the past have been especially serious, resulting in many mine related accidental deaths, disabling injuries, and disability and death from chronic lung disease. Underground coal mines are clearly less safe than surface mines. Over one-third of currently employed underground miners experience chronic lung disease. Other stresses include noise and extremes of heat and cold. Newly emphasized technologies of the use of diesel powered mining equipment and the use of longwall mining techniques may be associated with serious health effects. Workers at coal-fired power plants are also potentially at risk of occupational diseases. Occupational safety and health aspects of coal mining are understood well enough today to justify implementing necessary and technically feasible and available control measures to minimize potential problems associated with increased coal production and use in the future. Increased emphasis on safety and health training for inexperienced coal miners expected to enter the work force is clearly needed. The recently enacted Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 will provide impetus for increased control over hazards in coal mining.

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“…But did it also cause what had become the predominant lung disease in industrialised countries, COPD, then called chronic bronchitis and emphysema? In spite of the fact that Osler in the 1895 edition of his textbook had taught that coal dust was a cause of this,8 that Cummins in the 1930s had shown the breakdown of the lung's elastic tissue in miners and thus provided a plausible explanation for the development of emphysema6 and that the MRC had published a relationship between dust exposure and disablement,2 many doctors and scientists opposed the view that coal caused COPD. Part of the reason for this was that by then smoking had become almost universal in men and this was regarded as a more likely cause in miners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Farewell, king coal!

Seaton

2016

Thorax

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Coal mining provided the power for the industrial development of the West, at great cost to the health of the workforce and, from industrial pollution, of the population. Medical appreciation of the diseases of miners was slow to develop and has been marked by controversy relating to the roles of coal and quartz and the causation of emphysema. Research by the MRC and the British coal industry resolved these issues as the industry itself declined. However, from the research has come an understanding of the influence of inhalation of different inhaled pollutants on human health that has been applied to predicting and preventing possible hazards of developing nanotechnologies.

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New Dust Standards for British Coal Mines

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

Mass and number of fibres in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related lung disease in rats

Mass and number of fibres in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related lung disease in rats

Occupational safety and health implications of increased coal utilization.

Farewell, king coal!

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