BACKGROUNDIn September 1993, the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) project was launched, with the purpose of promoting the switchover from analogue to digital television (TV) broadcasting. It was a private, market-driven association, including all the main actors in digital TV such as broadcasters, network operators, manufacturers and regulators.Thanks to the achievements in the field of digital VLSI technology, both in the transmission and in the source coding areas, the first milestone of the DVB project was the specification of DVB-S. This was DVB's digital, multi-programme, TV system for satellite broadcasting that together with the adoption of MPEG2, introduced satellite direct-to-home (DTH) digital TV.With the worldwide success of this system, it became clear that it could also be suitable for digital satellite news gathering (DSNG) applications, with significant advantages in cost, performance and flexibility over the previous systems. In the summer of 1997, the DVB Project decided to start the development of a new specification for DSNG, based on the DVB-S system but with a number of new features added to cover the commercial and operational requirements of contribution applications. At the same time, DVB-S became the basis of the so called 'DVB family', on which the first generation digital standards for cable (DVB-C) and terrestrial (DVB-T) broadcasting were built.In 2003, 10 years after the standardization of DVB-S, DVB-S2 [1] was the first physical layer system of a new generation of digital standards to be developed in the DVB family. It set the benchmark for technical excellence, drove the design concepts for terrestrial and cable applications and along with MPEG4, led the way for introduction of high-definition TV services. However, DVB-S2 was no longer only a system for DTH broadcasting, but one for interactivity (i.e. internet access) and professional services (e.g. TV contribution links and DSNG) as well. To be able to cover all the application areas, while still keeping the single-chip decoder at reasonable complexity levels, DVB-S2 was structured as a toolkit, thus enabling the use of mass market products for professional or niche applications.In 2013, 10 years after the development of DVB-S2, following a request by the Commercial and Technical Modules, the DVB-S2 group started to analyse a further evolution of satellite technologies to enhance performance in the core markets (DTH, contribution, Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) and DSNG) and to increase the range of applications of the standard to cover emerging markets such as mobile (air, sea and rail) or professional applications.
DVB-S2X: THE DVB-S2 EXTENSIONSThe DVB-S2X [2] is an extension of the DVB-S2 specification that provides additional technologies and features for the core applications of DVB-S2 including DTH, contribution, VSAT and DSNG. The specification also provides an extended operational range to cover emerging markets such as mobile applications.