New Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) from Amber Mountain (Northern Madagascar)

Gąsiorek, Piotr; Vončina, Katarzyna

doi:10.3897/evolsyst.3.33580

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Geographic distribution. This extremely rare species, originally described from South Africa, was also reported from other sub-Saharan countries: Angola (da Cunha & do Nascimento Ribeiro 1964), Lesotho (Middleton 2003), tanzania (Binda & Pilato 1995a), as well as from Madagascar (Gąsiorek & Vončina 2019). in south africa, E. africanus was found only in five localities in the interior regions of the country (Fig.…”

Section: Literaturesupporting

confidence: 64%

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Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa

Gąsiorek

Vončina

Bochnak

et al. 2022

Zootaxa

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setaceus sp. nov., E. similaris sp. nov., E. tetraspinosus sp. nov., Hypechiniscus africanus sp. nov. (the exarmatus group), Pseudechiniscus (Pseudechiniscus) aquatilis sp. nov., P. (P.) linnaei sp. nov., and P. (Meridioniscus) wallacei sp. nov. Moreover, E. longispinosus Murray, 1907 and E. perarmatus Murray, 1907 are formally re-described and their neotypes are established. Amendments to outdated descriptions of E. africanus Murray, 1907 and E. crassispinosus Murray, 1907 are also provided. Species descriptions and redescriptions contain detailed data on ecological preferences of species, their ontogenetic variability, sex ratios in gonochoristic/dioecious populations (males are recorded in African Echiniscus spp. for the first time), and, finally, on their phylogenetic relationships. The study reveals a diverse echiniscid assemblage, dominated by Echiniscus, that overlaps with the hotspots of Cape Floristic Region, Succulent Karoo, and Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany. According to our phylogenetic analyses, the great majority of South African Echiniscus species are endemics and they evolved from several species that colonised the region after the genus had originated (in contrast to earlier hypotheses, our work suggests that Echiniscus has the Laurasian rather than the Gondwanan origin). The remaining echiniscids found in South Africa represent pantropical or cosmopolitan species.

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Section: Literaturesupporting

confidence: 64%

“…• Later trustworthy records: Murray (1913);da Cunha & do Nascimento Ribeiro (1964); Binda & Pilato (1995a); Gąsiorek & Vončina (2019).…”

Section: Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa

Gąsiorek

Vončina

Bochnak

et al. 2022

Zootaxa

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“…In order to elucidate the relationships between the five analysed species of Cornechiniscus , all obtained sequences of ITS-1 and COI from single animals underwent an identical procedure, but final substitution models were different than for the concatenated 18S + 28S rRNA dataset: (i) Bayesian inference (BI): the first partition GTR + G, the second partition K81UF + I + G, the third partition HKY + I + G and the fourth partition GTR + I; (ii) maximum likelihood (ML): the first partition TIM2 + F + G4, the second partition K3Pu + F + I, the third partition HKY + F and the fourth partition K2P + G4. Echiniscus succineus [ 59 ] was chosen as the outgroup in this case. Phylogenetic trees produced using single DNA markers (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RevisedCornechiniscus(Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes

Gąsiorek

Michalczyk

2020

R. Soc. open sci.

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Echiniscidae are undoubtedly the most thoroughly studied lineage of the class Heterotardigrada. Recently, new subfamilies and tribes grouping echiniscid genera based on traditionally recognized morphological clues have been proposed. Here, by integrative analyses of morphology and DNA sequences of numerous populations of a rare genus Cornechiniscus , we show that this hypothesized classification is artificial. Specifically, we demonstrate that Echiniscinae are diphyletic, as Bryodelphax forms a distinct phyletic lineage within Echiniscidae, and Pseudechiniscinae are polyphyletic, with Mopsechiniscus being indirectly related to Pseudechiniscus , which is closer to the Echiniscus -like genera than to other genera with pseudosegmental plates. Consequently, the subfamilies and tribes are considered as unsupported from the phylogenetic and morphological point of view. The genus Cornechiniscus is revised, and the phenotypic diagnoses of several species are updated thanks to new rich material from Africa, Asia and Europe. Cornechiniscus imperfectus sp. nov. is described from mountains of Kyrgyzstan, being the second appendaged species within the genus and the third known to exhibit dioecy. A taxonomic key to the genus is provided. Systematic positions of Acanthechiniscus and Multipseudechiniscus are also discussed. Acanthechiniscus goedeni is confirmed to be a member of the genus Acanthechiniscus .

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“…nov. are a morphological peculiarity, atypical for Echiniscus. Other species exhibiting appendages along the plate margins are very rare: E. africanus, E. baloghi, and E. semifoveolatus (Murray 1907;Iharos 1973;Ito 1993;Gąsiorek and Vončina 2019). These appendages, usually in the form of spicules, should be regarded as morphological convergence, appearing at the same time in the distantly related genus Acanthechiniscus (Vecchi et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archipelagos in the Western Indian Ocean are known as centres of insular endemism and local biodiversity hotspots (Goodman and Benstead 2005;Cheke and Hume 2008), but the scarcity of faunistic tardigrade studies precludes a more in-depth look into the evolutionary history of the phylum in this area. Tardigrades were particularly intensively sampled in the Seychelles (Biserov 1994;Binda and Pilato 1995;Pilato et al 2002Pilato et al , 2004Pilato et al , 2009aPilato et al , 2009b and Madagascar (see Gąsiorek and Vončina 2019;Kaczmarek et al 2020 for summary). Single papers were devoted to either limno-terrestrial or marine tardigrades of Mauritius (Grimaldi De Zio et al 1987), Maldives (De Zio Grimaldi et al 1999), and Réunion (Séméria 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius

Kiosya¹,

Vončina²,

Gąsiorek³

2021

EvolSyst

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Many regions of the world remain unexplored in terms of the tardigrade diversity, and the islands of the Indian Ocean are no exception. In this work, we report four species of the family Echiniscidae representing three genera from Mauritius, the second largest island in the Mascarene Archipelago. Two species belong in the genus Echiniscus: Echiniscus perarmatus Murray, 1907, a pantropical species, and one new species: Echiniscus insularissp. nov., one of the smallest members of the spinulosus group and the entire genus, being particularly interesting due to the presence of males and supernumerary teeth-like spicules along the margins of the dorsal plates. The new species most closely resembles Echiniscus tropicalis Binda & Pilato, 1995, for which we present extensive multipopulation data and greatly extend its distribution eastwards towards islands of Southeast Asia. Pseudechiniscus (Meridioniscus) mascarenensissp. nov. is a typical member of the subgenus with elongated (dactyloid) cephalic papillae and the pseudosegmental plate IV’ with reduced posterior projections in males. Finally, a Bryodelphax specimen is also recorded. The assemblage of both presumably endemic and widely distributed tardigrade species in Mauritius fits the recent emerging biogeographic patterns for this group of micrometazoans.

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New Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) from Amber Mountain (Northern Madagascar)

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa

Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada) of South Africa

RevisedCornechiniscus(Heterotardigrada) and new phylogenetic analyses negate echiniscid subfamilies and tribes

Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius

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