New effects during steam gasification of naphthalene: the synergy between CaO and MgO during the catalytic reaction

Microstructure and optical properties of nanocrystalline CaWO4 thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation in room temperature

“…The [W] 4f core level spectrum recorded on samples at 50 and 100 Pa shows the two components associated with 4f 5/2 and 4f 7/2 spin-orbit doublet at 37.5 and 35.4 eV, respectively. These values are in agreement with those found in the literature for [W 6+ ] in stoichiometric films [34][35][36]. However, the spectrum of the sample deposited at 10 Pa have another peak shifted towards lower binding energy, which may be caused by the contribution of [W 5+ ] or [W 4+ ] states resulting from oxygen vacancies in the films [37].…”

“…Fig. 4(a [34,35]. The [W] 4f core level spectrum recorded on samples at 50 and 100 Pa shows the two components associated with 4f 5/2 and 4f 7/2 spin-orbit doublet at 37.5 and 35.4 eV, respectively.…”

Investigation of the behaviour of a Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalyst during methane combustion reaction using in situ DRIFT spectroscopy

“…Formates species result from the interaction of adsorbed CO with basic OH-groups of wet and/or hydroxylated surfaces and their formation usually occurs at high temperature [60,64,81,86]. Surface hydroxyl groups come from water vapour which, under ambient air, dissociatively chemisorbs on aluminium oxide surfaces to form adsorbed hydroxyl ions.…”

Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acids content Jatropha curcas oil using environment affable K–Mg composite catalyst

“…Another absorption peaks at 1738 cm −1 assigned to the γ CO carboxylic and aldehyde groups. After heated at 170°C for 1 h, absorption peaks were lower at 1738 cm −1 band and eventually disappeared 20 . The band at 1406 cm −1 indicated the presence of bulk K 2 CO 3.…”