New experimental methodology, setup and LabView program for accurate absolute thermoelectric power and electrical resistivity measurements between 25 and 1600 K: Application to pure copper, platinum, tungsten, and nickel at very high temperatures

Abstract

In this paper we describe an experimental setup designed to measure simultaneously and very accurately the resistivity and the absolute thermoelectric power, also called absolute thermopower or absolute Seebeck coefficient, of solid and liquid conductors/semiconductors over a wide range of temperatures (room temperature to 1600 K in present work). A careful analysis of the existing experimental data allowed us to extend the absolute thermoelectric power scale of platinum to the range 0-1800 K with two new polynomial expressions. The experimental device is controlled by a LabView program. A detailed description of the accurate dynamic measurement methodology is given in this paper. We measure the absolute thermoelectric power and the electrical resistivity and deduce with a good accuracy the thermal conductivity using the relations between the three electronic transport coefficients, going beyond the classical Wiedemann-Franz law. We use this experimental setup and methodology to give new very accurate results for pure copper, platinum, and nickel especially at very high temperatures. But resistivity and absolute thermopower measurement can be more than an objective in itself. Resistivity characterizes the bulk of a material while absolute thermoelectric power characterizes the material at the point where the electrical contact is established with a couple of metallic elements (forming a thermocouple). In a forthcoming paper we will show that the measurement of resistivity and absolute thermoelectric power characterizes advantageously the (change of) phase, probably as well as DSC (if not better), since the change of phases can be easily followed during several hours/days at constant temperature.

Observation of transverse spin Nernst magnetoresistance induced by thermal spin current in ferromagnet/non-magnet bilayers

“…In order to estimate "$ , we fit the thickness dependence of the transverse SNMR to 25 , which is an opposite sign to that of W. This fitting result demonstrates that "$ has a comparable magnitude to "# but has an opposite sign to "# for both W and Pt ( Table 1). The comparable magnitude between "$ and "# implies that the SNE in HM layer can create a spin current as much as the SHE can if a thermal gradient is efficiently generated.…”

“…All measurements were carried out at room temperature and each measurement was repeated more than 3 times; data are reproducible. [22,24] 0.5~5× 10 ;ƒ [11,22] 10 [25] 2.0 ±0.1 0.22…”

Fabrication of a simple apparatus for the Seebeck coefficient measurement in high temperature region

“…The temperature dependent behavior of α and change in its magnitude in the temperature range 300-620 K is found to be similar to those reported in the literature. 11,22 In comparison to literature data the maximum deviation obtained in our data obtained for the nickel sample is less than ±1 µV/K in the temperature range 300-620 K. Our designed setup is useful to characterize the materials in disk or rod shaped. The materials used for the measurement by our setup have the pallet having thickness from 0.5 mm to 2 mm and diameter of 5 mm to 10 mm.…”

A New Design of Oxygen Sensor for Electromotive Force Measurement and Electrochemical Deoxidation by Using Oxygen Pump

“…Seebeck coefficients for platinum, copper, and nickel at different temperatures were reported by several researchers. [18][19][20] In the present lab-scale experiment, the electromotive force in the open circuit caused by the Seebeck effect was small enough to be negligible.…”