New Features of Electron Phase Space Holes Observed by the THEMIS Mission

Andersson, L.; Ergun, R. E.; Tao, Jianmin; Roux, A.; Contel, O. Le; Angelopoulos, V.; Bonnell, J. W.; McFadden, J. P.; Larson, D. E.; Eriksson, S.; Johansson, Tommy; Cully, C. M.; Newman, D. L.; Goldman, M. V.; Glaßmeier, Karl‐Heinz; Baumjohann, W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.225004

Cited by 93 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In a previous study based on fully three dimensional PIC simulations we reported electron holes evolving to spherical shape in plasmas with W e > w pe [Singh et al, , 2001a[Singh et al, , 2001b. We have not performed a statistical study, but the sizes and shape found here are comparable to the size and shape of large-amplitude electron holes reported by Andersson et al [2009] and Tao et al [2011]. Tao et al [2011] found that L ?…”

Section: Double Layers In Plasma Sheetsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Although Andersson et al [2009] do not report observation of double layers in association with the electron holes, but Ergun et al [2009] report strong sequential relation between double layers and electron holes, like that shown in Figure 8b. Figure 1a of Andersson et al [2009] shows intense electron fluxes extending to about 30 keV energy range. This is suggestive of double layers having potential drops up to a few tens of kV.…”

Section: Double Layers In Plasma Sheetmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…When the potential profile is averaged over one ion plasma period, only the ramp containing the multiple double layers is clearly seen at the scale used in Figure 2. However, the instantaneous parallel electric fields at an enlarged horizontal time scale in Figure 8b [60] Andersson et al [2009] have reported data on strong electron hole turbulence observed from THEMIS in the plasma sheet as in the work by Ergun et al [2009]. They find that speed of the electron holes on the average is about 10 8 m/s, faster than the electron thermal velocity V te ∼ 4 × 10 7 km/s.…”

Section: Double Layers In Plasma Sheetmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Such drifts could generate plasma instabilities contributing to the heating of electrons and ions [Ganguli et al, 1985]. The current associated with the E × B drifts of the electrons within the structure of electron holes generates magnetic fields like in a current loop as shown in simulations by Umeda et al [2004] and in THEMIS observations [Andersson et al, 2009;Tao et al, 2011].…”

Section: Electron Holes and Double Layers In Electron Injection Eventmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

2011

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[1] We study the dynamical behavior of potential structures in the auroral upward current region. The study is based on a large two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. A double layer (DL) forms in the auroral potential structure in the counterstreaming expansion of cold and hot plasmas from bottom (ionospheric side) and top (magnetospheric side), respectively. Transversely nonuniform converging perpendicular electric field drives the plasma from the top, generating V-shaped potential structure within the expanding plasmas. The dynamical features include (1) recurring formation of the DL, (2) downward motion of the DL over the distance of thousands of Debye lengths, (3) collapse of the existing double layer after the reformation of a new one near the top in the hot magnetospheric plasma, and (4) generation of electron holes (EHs) on the high-potential side of the DL and their downward propagation over a few thousand of Debye lengths, where they are dissipated. The EHs are associated with broadband plasma waves with spectrum peaked near the lower hybrid frequency. The EH turbulence is temporally modulated by low-frequency plasma waves near the ion cyclotron frequency W i . Electrostatic ion cyclotron waves above W i occur on the low-potential side of the DL. Transverse and parallel acceleration/heating of both electrons and ions are studied. The fast moving electron holes are found effective in transverse heating of the cold ionospheric electrons trapped below the DL. Relevance of our results to satellite observations in the auroral plasma is discussed.Citation: Singh, N., S. Araveti, and E. B. Wells (2011), Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions,

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Section: Double Layers In Plasma Sheetsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Double Layers In Plasma Sheetmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Double Layers In Plasma Sheetmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Electron Holes and Double Layers In Electron Injection Eventmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

2011

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“…The expected amplitude range of the DC electric field is based on previous experience. The THEMIS mission observed fields as high as 500 mV/m (Ergun et al 2009;Andersson et al 2009), which provides the basis of the DC range on MMS.…”

Section: Science Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Axial Double Probe and Fields Signal Processing for the MMS Mission

et al. 2014

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The Axial Double Probe (ADP) instrument measures the DC to ∼ 100 kHz electric field along the spin axis of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft (Burch et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue), completing the vector electric field when combined with the spin plane double probes (SDP) (Torbert et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue, Lindqvist et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014. Two cylindrical sensors are separated by over 30 m tip-to-tip, the longest baseline on an axial DC electric field ever attempted in space. The ADP on each of the spacecraft consists of two identical, 12.67 m graphite coilable booms with second, smaller 2.25 m booms mounted on their ends. A significant effort was carried out to assure that the potential field of the MMS spacecraft acts equally on the two sensors and that photo-and secondary electron currents do not vary over the spacecraft spin. The ADP on MMS is expected to measure DC electric field with a precision of ∼ 1 mV/m, a resolution of ∼ 25 µV/m, and a range of ∼ ±1 V/m in most of the plasma environments MMS will encounter. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) units on the MMS spacecraft are designed to perform analog conditioning, analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, and digital processing on the ADP, SDP, and search coil magnetometer (SCM) (Le Contel et al., Space Sci. Rev., 2014, this issue) signals. The DSP units include digital filters, spectral processing, a high-speed burst memory, a solitary structure detector, and data compression. The DSP uses precision analog processing with, in most cases, > 100 dB in dynamic range, better that −80 dB common mode rejection in electric field (E) signal processing, and better that −80 dB cross talk between the E and SCM (B) signals. The A/D conversion is at 16 bits with ∼ 1/4 LSB accuracy and ∼ 1 LSB noise. The digital signal processing is powerful and highly flexible allowing for maximum scientific return under a limited telemetry volume. The ADP and DSP are described in this article.

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Nonlinear electric field structures in the inner magnetosphere

Malaspina

Andersson

Ergun

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Van Allen Probes observations are presented which demonstrate the presence of nonlinear electric field structures in the inner terrestrial magnetosphere (<6 R E ). A range of structures are observed, including phase space holes and double layers. These structures are observed over several Earth radii in radial distance and over a wide range of magnetic local times. They are observed in the dusk, midnight, and dawn sectors, with the highest concentration premidnight. Some nonlinear electric field structures are observed to coincide with dipolarizations of the magnetic field and increases in electron energy flux for energies between 1 keV and 30 keV. Nonlinear electric field structures possess isolated impulsive electric fields, often with a significant component parallel to the ambient magnetic field, providing a mechanism for nonadiabatic wave-particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere.

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New Features of Electron Phase Space Holes Observed by the THEMIS Mission

Cited by 93 publications

References 29 publications

Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

Mesoscale PIC simulation of double layers and electron holes affecting parallel and transverse accelerations of electrons and ions

The Axial Double Probe and Fields Signal Processing for the MMS Mission

Nonlinear electric field structures in the inner magnetosphere

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