New feeds from genetically modified plants: substantial equivalence, nutritional equivalence, digestibility, and safety for animals and the food chain

Aumaı̂tre, A.; Aulrich, Karen; Chesson, Andrew; Flachowsky, Gerhard; Piva, G.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00016-7

Cited by 97 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Table 7 Relative distribution of LDH isoenzymes in serum (S) and in homogenates from heart (H), SM, kidney (K) and liver (L) from control (C) and treated (T) group of kids GMO detection and health in goats and kids 1669 R E T R A C T E D copy feed fragment was detectable in lamb samples nor in the mother's milk and blood. The reason for this high recovery of chloroplast DNA in animal tissues is a consequence of the larger quantities of these genes as compared with transgenic genes, which are usually found as a single copy gene (Aumaitre et al, 2002). Although few have found recombinant DNA sequences in any organ or tissue sample from animals fed GM plants (EFSA, 2007), our results showed that small DNA fragments can also be detected in kids organs when mothers are fed GM soybean.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 67%

Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings

Tudisco

Mastellone

Cutrignelli

et al. 2010

Animal

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The presence of DNA fragments in blood and milk from goats fed conventional (control) or Roundup Ready R soybean meal solvent extracted (s.e.; treated) was investigated by using a polymerase chain reaction approach. The same investigation was carried out on blood, skeletal muscle and organs from kids of both groups fed only dams' milk until weaning. Moreover, the possible effects on cell metabolism were evaluated by determination of several specific enzymes in serum, heart, skeletal muscle, liver and kidney. Fragments of the multicopy chloroplast (trnL) gene were found in blood and milk samples from goats of both groups. In kids, the chloroplast fragments were found in samples of both groups. In samples, which proved positive for the presence of chloroplast DNA, fragments of the specific soybean single copy gene (lectin) were detected in several blood and milk samples. The same fragment was also found in control and treated groups of kids. Transgenic fragments were not found in those samples, which were found positive for chloroplast fragments of control groups of either goats or kids. On the contrary, in blood and milk of treated goats, fragments both of the 35S promoter and the CP4 EPSPS gene were detected. These fragments were also found in treated kids with a significant detection of the 35S promoter in liver, kidney and blood, and of the CP4 EPSPS gene fragment in liver, kidney, heart and muscle. A significant increase in lactic dehydrogenase, mainly concerning the lactic dehydrogenase-1 isoenzyme was found in heart, skeletal muscle and kidney of treated kids, thus suggesting a change in the local production of the enzyme. Finally, no significant differences were detected concerning kid body and organ weight.

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Section: R E T R a C T E Dmentioning

confidence: 67%

Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings

Tudisco

Mastellone

Cutrignelli

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…Several studies have found no detrimental effects of feeding GM maize on the growth of pigs (Reuter et al, 2002;Chowdhury et al, 2003;Custodio et al, 2006;Flachowsky et al, 2007), poultry (Brake et al, 2003;Aeschbacher et al, 2005) or ruminants (Aumaitre et al, 2002;Trabalza-Marinucci et al, 2008). Higher feed intake and a tendency for higher kidney weight were observed in weanling pigs after 30 days of feeding GM maize (Walsh et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of feeding genetically modified Bt MON810 maize to ∼40-day-old pigs for 110 days on growth and health indicators

Buzoianu

Walsh

Rea

et al. 2012

animal

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A total of 72 male weaned pigs were used in a 110-day study to investigate the effect of feeding genetically modified (GM) Bt MON810 maize on selected growth and health indicators. It was hypothesised that in pigs fed Bt maize, growth and health are not impacted compared with pigs fed isogenic maize-based diets. Following a 12-day basal period, pigs (10.7 ± 1.9 kg body weight (BW); ∼40 days old) were blocked by weight and ancestry and randomly assigned to treatments: (1) non-GM maize diet for 110 days (non-GM), (2) GM maize diet for 110 days (GM), (3) non-GM maize diet for 30 days followed by GM maize diet up to day 110 (non-GM/GM) and (4) GM maize diet for 30 days followed by non-GM maize diet up to day 110 (GM/non-GM). BW and daily feed intake were recorded on days 0, 30, 60 and 110 (n= 15). Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (n= 10) on day 80. Following slaughter on day 110, organs and intestines were weighed and sampled for histological analysis and urine was collected for biochemical analysis (n= 10). Serum biochemistry analysis was performed on days 0, 30, 60, 100 and 110. Growth performance and serum biochemistry were analysed as repeated measures with time and treatment as main factors. Thesliceoption of SAS was used to determine treatment differences at individual time points. There was no effect of feeding GM maize on overall growth, body composition, organ and intestinal weight and histology or serum biochemistry on days 60 and 100 and on urine biochemistry on day 110. A treatment × time interaction was observed for serum urea (SU;P< 0.05), creatinine (SC;P< 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST;P< 0.05). On day 30, SU was lower for the non-GM/GM treatment compared with the non-GM, GM and GM/non-GM treatments (P< 0.05). On day 110, SC was higher for the non-GM/GM and GM/non-GM treatments compared with non-GM and GM treatments (P< 0.05). Overall, serum total protein was lower for the GM/non-GM treatment compared with the non-GM/GM treatment (P< 0.05). The magnitude of change observed in some serum biochemical parameters did not indicate organ dysfunction and the changes were not accompanied by histological lesions. Long-term feeding of GM maize to pigs did not adversely affect growth or the selected health indicators investigated.

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“…close nutritional and chemical similarity between a genetically modified (GM) crop and a non-GM counterpart) has been used to claim that GM crops are substantially equivalent to, and therefore as safe and nutritious as, currently consumed plant-derived foods (Aumaitre 2002;Konig et al 2004). However, we argue that compositional studies that have overlooked (not measured) pesticide residues contain serious shortcomings.…”

Section: Residues Of Pesticides In the Soymentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Ready for Market Genetically Modified, Conventional and Organic Soybeans Substantially Equivalent as Food and Feed?

Bøhn

Cuhra

Traavik

et al. 2016

Genetically Modified Organisms in Food

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SummaryImportant compositional elements, including residues of herbicides, were investigated in commercial soy varieties grown within the same geographical area. These included genetically modified, conventional and organic soybeans. Feed made from these soybeans was subsequently fed to the model organism Daphnia magna, while measuring the fitness performance (survival, growth and reproduction) during the full life cycle of the animals. The conventional and organic samples contained no residues of glyphosate or its degradation product AMPA, but the GM-soy contained such residues, averaging 9.0 mg/kg. The fitness of D. magna fed organic soybeans was superior to that of animals fed GM soybeans, while animals fed conventional soybeans was intermediate. There were large fitness differences for D. magna fed raw soybeans, but smaller with heat-treated soy. In conclusion: herbicides associated with GM soybeans (and/or other factors associated with these crops) may compromise food and feed quality.

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New feeds from genetically modified plants: substantial equivalence, nutritional equivalence, digestibility, and safety for animals and the food chain

Cited by 97 publications

References 23 publications

Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings

Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings

Effect of feeding genetically modified Bt MON810 maize to ∼40-day-old pigs for 110 days on growth and health indicators

Are Ready for Market Genetically Modified, Conventional and Organic Soybeans Substantially Equivalent as Food and Feed?

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