New findings on venous thrombogenesis

Abstract

Summary Venous thrombosis (VT) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide. Complications from VT and pulmonary embolism are the leading cause of lost disability-adjusted life years. Risks include genetic (e.g., non-O blood group, activated protein C resistance, hyperprothrombinemia) and acquired (e.g., age, surgery, cancer, pregnancy, immobilisation, female hormone use) factors. Pathophysiologic mechanisms that promote VT are incompletely understood, but involve abnormalities in blood coagulability, vessel function, and flow (so-called Virchow’s Triad). Epidemiologic studies of humans, animal models, and biochemical and biophysical investigations have revealed contributions from extrinsic, intrinsic, and common pathways of coagulation, endothelial cells, leukocytes, red blood cells, platelets, cell-derived microvesicles, stasis-induced changes in vascular cells, and blood rheology. Knowledge of these mechanisms may yield new therapeutic targets. Characterisation of mechanisms that mediate VT formation and stability, particularly in aging, are needed to advance understanding of VT.

Trends in Adherence to Thromboprophylaxis Guideline in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy

“…The multifactorial approach includes, among other interventions, consistent use of prolonged PTP, mechanical thromboprophylaxis, and early ambulation, which is more effective in reducing VTE incidence than PTP alone (0.9% vs 6.2%). 24,25 Several limitations of this study have to be addressed. First, due to the structure of the database, we were not able to obtain cancer-specific variables, such as cancer stage for patients with bladder cancer or other malignancies, and mechanical thromboprophylaxis, rendering us unable to adjust for those potential confounders.…”

“…As described by the Virchow's triad, VTE is multifactorial and influenced by many patient-specific modifiable and unmodifiable factors such as age, smoking status, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pelvic operations, or underlying diseases. 24 Thus, a possible means to further decrease the incidence of VTE could be the implementation of fixed protocols regulating the perioperative pathway. One such initiative is the employment of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols targeting different aspects of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative process.…”

Functions of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in Prevention and Fighting Cardio-Metabolic Complications

“…Omega-3 PUFAs impart their control of the role of curbing thrombogenesis using two key processes; replacing the arachidonic monomers in the to reduce the effect of COX-1 on the thrombogenesis effect and activation of TXA2 antagonist synthesis of protein DX to lipoxygenase catalase, responsible for the synthesis of inhibitors COX-1 and COX-2 [16].…”

Clinical implications of LDH isoenzymes in hemolysis and continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device‐induced thrombosis

“…Thrombosis and hemolysis are interdependent, with hemolysis thought to be secondary to thrombus formation. According to the Virchow Triad, thrombosis is promoted by endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and stasis . In CF‐LVAD physiology, the correlates of these three factors are: (a) the surface properties in which the blood is in direct contact, (b) the state or age of the blood cells, and (c) the flow environment.…”

“…According to the Virchow Triad, thrombosis is promoted by endothelial injury, hypercoagulability, and stasis. 30 In CF-LVAD physiology, the correlates of these three factors are: (a) the surface properties in which the blood is in direct contact, (b) the state or age of the blood cells, and (c) the flow environment. Convective flow conditions in CF-LVADs promote blood cell aggregation in regions of high or low shear, flow separation, and recirculation.…”