New gas chromatographic instrumentation for studying the action of sulfur dioxide on marbles

Bakaoukas, N.; Kapolos, John; Koliadima, Athanasia; Karaiskakis, George

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.067

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2. From the series of the sample peaks obtained under various conditions, several physicochemical quantities have been determined and published (Agelakopoulou et al, 2009;Arvanitopoulou et al, 1994;Bakaoukas et al, 2005;Floropoulou et al, 2009;Katsanos et al, 1998Katsanos et al, ,2003Katsanos et al, ,2004Metaxa et al, 2009aMetaxa et al, ,2009bMetaxa et al, ,2009cRoubani-Kalantzopoulou, 2004,2009Roubani-Kalantzopoulou et al, 1996;Sotiropoulou et al, 1995). The sample peaks are predicted theoretically by the so-called chromatographic sampling equation 1, which describes the concentration-time curve of the sample peaks created by the flow reversals and has been derived using mass balances, rates of change, etc., and integrating the resulting partial differential equations under given initial and boundary conditions.…”

Section: The Novel Methods Of Rf-igc: Physical Description and Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the effect of coatings on D y -values, it was found that in the absence of protective materials, at extreme temperatures (>333.2K), the porous of the marble is being destroyed producing surface diffusion coefficients equivalent to diffusion coefficients in the gas phase. On the contrary, in the presence of protective materials, the later does not happen due to the shrink of the porous size of the marble [Bird et al, 2002;Carreti & Dei, 2004;Bakaoukas et al, 2005].…”

Section: Study Of the Action Of Sulfur Dioxide On Penteli Marble In Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…where: m is the molecular mass of the adsorbate; k is the Boltzmann's constant; h the Planck's constant; and the ratio u s (T)/b g (T) of two partition functions, namely that of the adsorbed molecule, u s (T), and that for rotations-vibrations in the gas phase b g (T). This ratio is taken as a unity, approximately, as was done before (Agelakopoulou et al, 2009;Arvanitopoulou et al, 1994;Bakaoukas et al, 2005;Floropoulou et al, 2009;Katsanos et al, 1998Katsanos et al, ,2003Katsanos et al, ,2004Metaxa et al, 2009aMetaxa et al, ,2009bMetaxa et al, ,2009cRoubani-Kalantzopoulou, 2004,2009Roubani-Kalantzopoulou et al, 1996;Sotiropoulou et al, 1995). The contribution of lateral molecular interactions in the overall phenomenon of adsorption and desorption is taken into account, by correcting Eq.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to study the action of SO 2 on Penteli marble, experiments were carried out by using the RF-IGC instrumentation and various physicochemical parameters (rate constants as well as equilibrium constants) were calculating by using a non-linear regression analysis PCprograms in GW-BASIC [Katsanos et al, 2003] for the experimental data. Afterwards, kinetic parameters such as adsorption rate constants k 1 , adsorption/desorption k R and surface reaction rate constants k 2 , as well as surface diffusion coefficients D y , deposition velocities V d and reaction probabilities of SO 2 "on marble surfaces, at various temperatures," in the presence or in the absence of protective materials (an acrylic copolymer, Paraloid B-72 or a siloxane, CTS Silo 111) were calculated and discussed [Bakaoukas et al, 2005]. The results showed that both materials are good enough at low temperatures (303.2-323.2K), while at high temperatures (333.2-353.2K) siloxane acts better as protective material than acrylic copolymer.…”

Section: Study Of the Action Of Sulfur Dioxide On Penteli Marble In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage: Searching for “The Relation Between Cause and Effect”

Metaxa¹

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Pollution of the natural environment is largely unintended and unwanted consequences of human activities in manufacturing, transportation, agriculture and waste disposal. High levels of pollution are largely a consequence of industrialization, urbanization and the rapid increase of human population in modern times. Pollutants are commonly classified according to the part of the environment primarily effected by them, either by air, water or land. Sub-grouping depends on characteristics of the pollutants themselves: chemical, physical, thermal and others. Many pollutants affect more than one resource. The substances that pollute the atmosphere are either gases, finely divided soils, or finely dispersed liquids aerosols. Five major classes of pollutants are discharged into the air: carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulates (dust, ash). The principle source of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels, e.g., coal, oil and derivatives of the latter, such as gasoline, in internal combustion engines or for heating or industrial purposes. The term heritage was used for first time from experts in the early seventies, to declare all the human creation with artistic features, which have been delivered to us as hereditary asset, namely as heritage. At the end of the same decade, the term heritage acquired collective sense and it was used to talk about European Heritage or later about Universal Heritage; in any case to indicate monuments, objects and places. If in a sense culture is the evolution of human life in space and time, the "monumentsremnants" of the human creation of all the times form the prints, the signs, the evidences, the strides of the human-beings progress within the time: "past narrates its history…". Thus, monuments form an undivided entirety with time and place, with man, his surroundings and his history. These unique and unprecedented fingerprints of human civilization form the natural and cultural heritage of a place, of a country, of a people, the peculiar features of a nation which characterize its identity. Cultural heritage is continuously undergoing numerical strains: anthropogenic and natural ones, from which the former can be anticipated or/and prevented, whereas the latter not. The result of these strains is the deterioration of all the materials. In fact, there is no material which is not to be downgraded. The Second Law of Thermodynamics inevitably intervenes and finally results in the deterioration of all the materials. For this reason, materials' deterioration is independent, in practice, on their surroundings and it is taking place in any environment, even without the direct contact of the materials with the constituents of a www.intechopen.com Monitoring, Control and Effects of Air Pollution 154 corrosive environment. Of course, the environment impacts quantitatively the deterioration or corrosion phenomenon taking place, by means of the impact on the rate of the deterioration process(es) and the kind of the produced substances. Air pollution as an ...

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Section: The Novel Methods Of Rf-igc: Physical Description and Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Of the Action Of Sulfur Dioxide On Penteli Marble In Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Of the Action Of Sulfur Dioxide On Penteli Marble In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: The Novel Methods Of Rf-igc: Physical Description and Experimental Setupmentioning

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expert undertook missions to over thirty countries all over the world. He is a member of Academy of Engineering and in the year 1999 was nominated a "Gold Engineer of the Year" by the Polish Federation of Engineering Associations. He is an author of more than 150 publications and books, and over 60 international patents, some of this inventions were the bases for construction of the big installations for air and water pollution control built in industry. Eleven Ph.D. and over fifty M. Sc. theses were carried out under his supervision.

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Spectroscopic evaluation of the environmental impact on black crusted modern mortars in urban–industrial areas

et al. 2010

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A multianalytical characterisation of black crusted modern construction materials from buildings located in the Bilbao Metropolitan area (North Spain) was carried out. According to the mineral composition determined by Raman spectroscopy, calcite and hematite were the major compounds found while aragonite, limonite, rutile, quartz and some aluminosilicates such as obsidian or amazonite (KAlSi(3)O(8)) were also present in minor percentages. As deterioration products, gypsum and anhydrite were widely found not only in the surface but also in the inner part of strongly deteriorated samples. Coquimbite (Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)·9H(2)O) was identified as well in the most protected facade where high amounts of Fe, having probably an anthropogenic origin, were measured by micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF). Zn was found to be in high amounts while Cu, Pb, Ti, Mn, Sr and K were identified as minor elements. Considering the non-expected concentrations found for some anthropogenic elements, a sequential extraction was carried out in order to determine their chemical form by means of ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The orientation of the facades, which had a different influence from rain washing and industrial and traffic impact, was shown to affect the accumulation of different compounds in the black crust. Finally, the MEDUSA software was used to simulate the reactions among the original compounds, deposited pollutants and the atmospheric acid gases in order to explain the presence of the decaying species found.

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New gas chromatographic instrumentation for studying the action of sulfur dioxide on marbles

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage: Searching for “The Relation Between Cause and Effect”

Air Pollution and Cultural Heritage: Searching for “The Relation Between Cause and Effect”

Monitoring, Control and Effects of Air Pollution

Spectroscopic evaluation of the environmental impact on black crusted modern mortars in urban–industrial areas

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