New high precision measurements of the cosmic charged particle rate beyond the Arctic Circle with the PolarquEEEst experiment

Abstract

The goal of the PolarquEEEst experiment was to measure the cosmic charged particle rate at latitudes greater than 66$$^{\circ }$$∘ N, where no systematic and accurate measurements at sea level have ever been performed. A latitude range well above the Arctic Circle was explored on board of a sailboat, up to the unprecedented northernmost value of $$82^{\circ }07^{\prime }$$82∘07′ N. In this paper a description of the experimental set-up is reported, then the procedures for calibration and data analysis are described in detail. The results show that the rate measured in this latitude range stays constant within a novel accuracy of $$\pm 1$$±1%.

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“…However, according to Abbrescia et al. (2023), the cosmic particle rate varies slowly with the geographic latitude, where above 50°N it saturates. Therefore, we can suppose that the disturbance of the ionosphere above the DHO−Algiers and NSC−Algiers paths is the same.…”

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“…M. Abbrescia 1,2 , C. Avanzini 3 , L. Baldini 3,4 , R. Baldini Ferroli 5 , G. Batignani 3,4 , M. Battaglieri 6,7 , S. Boi 8,9 , E. Bossini 3,4 , F. Carnesecchi 10,11 , C. Cicalò 9 , L. Cifarelli 10,11 , F. Coccetti 12 , E. Coccia 13…”

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“…Among them, in the PolarQUEEEst experiment [20] -inspired by the old-fashioned scientific expeditions -a boat sailed through the Svalbard archipelago, getting to a latitude of 82 • 07'N, performing a set of multidisciplinary experiments (PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls, micro-and nano-plastics (CNRISMAR), polar drones). The EEE Collaboration was responsible for the measurements of the cosmic ray flux up to the far North latitudes, and, to this end, a portable cosmic ray detector, POLA, was designed [21][22][23], with students actively participating in the detector construction.…”

“…M. Abbrescia 1,2 , C. Avanzini 3 , L. Baldini 3,4 , R. Baldini Ferroli 5 , G. Batignani 3,4 , M. Battaglieri 6,7 , S. Boi 8,9 , E. Bossini 3,4 , F. Carnesecchi 10,11 , C. Cicalò 9 , L. Cifarelli 10,11 , F. Coccetti 12 , E. Coccia 13 , A. Corvaglia 14 , D. De Gruttola 15,16 , S. De Pasquale 15,16 , F. Fabbri 5 , L. Galante 17,18 , M. Garbini 10,12 , G. Gemme 6 , I. Gnesi 12,19 , S. Grazzi 6,20 , D. Hatzifotiadou 10,21 , P. La Rocca 22,23 , Z. Liu 24 , G. Mandaglio 20,23 , G. Maron 25 , M. N. Mazziotta 2 , A. Mulliri 8,9 , R. Nania 10 , F. Noferini 10 , F. Nozzoli 26 , F. Palmonari 10,11 , M. Panareo 14,27 , M. P. Panetta 12,14 , R. Paoletti 3,28 , C. Pellegrino 25 , O. Pinazza 10 , C. Pinto 22,23 , S. Pisano 5,12 , F. Riggi 22,23 , G. C. Righini 29 , C. Ripoli 15,16 , M. Rizzi 2 , G. Sartorelli 10,11 , E. Scapparone 10 , M. Schioppa 19,30 , A. Scribano 28 , M. Selvi 10 , G. Serri 8,9 , S Squarcia 6,31 , M. Taiuti 6,31 , G. Terreni 3 , A. Trifirò 20,23 , M. Trimarchi 20,23 , C. Vistoli 25 , L...…”