New high-speed frame detection method

Katayama, Atsushi; Nakamura, Takao; Yamamuro, Masashi; Sonehara, Noboru

doi:10.1145/1052380.1052396

Cited by 34 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Few studies have been devoted to the applications of computational photography to digital watermarking and information hiding. Print-cam watermark, which links the physical media and digital information, originally requires robust watermarking schemes against AD/DA transformations, 3D rotations and scaling, lighting environmental changes, and various camera-related distortions [11]. Therefore, Pramila et al proposed a watermark extraction method that captures a focal stack of the watermarked image to extend the capturing angle of watermarked images [8].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coded Aperture as a Key for Information Hiding Designed by Physics-in-the-Loop Optimization

MINAMATA,

HAMASAKI,

KAWASAKI

et al. 2024

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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This paper proposes a novel application of coded apertures (CAs) for visual information hiding. CA is one of the representative computational photography techniques, in which a patterned mask is attached to a camera as an alternative to a conventional circular aperture. With image processing in the post-processing phase, various functions such as omnifocal image capturing and depth estimation can be performed. In general, a watermark embedded as high-frequency components is difficult to extract if captured outside the focal length, and defocus blur occurs. Installation of a CA into the camera is a simple solution to mitigate the difficulty, and several attempts are conducted to make a better design for stable extraction. On the contrary, our motivation is to design a specific CA as well as an information hiding scheme; the secret information can only be decoded if an image with hidden information is captured with the key aperture at a certain distance outside the focus range. The proposed technique designs the key aperture patterns and information hiding scheme through evolutionary multi-objective optimization so as to minimize the decryption error of a hidden image when using the key aperture while minimizing the accuracy when using other apertures. During the optimization process, solution candidates, i.e., key aperture patterns and information hiding schemes, are evaluated on actual devices to account for disturbances that cannot be considered in optical simulations. Experimental results have shown that decoding can be performed with the designed key aperture and similar ones, that decrypted image quality deteriorates as the similarity between the key and the aperture used for decryption decreases, and that the proposed information hiding technique works on actual devices.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Coded Aperture as a Key for Information Hiding Designed by Physics-in-the-Loop Optimization

MINAMATA,

HAMASAKI,

KAWASAKI

et al. 2024

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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“…To address this synchronization challenge, several strategies have emerged in the existing literature. Nakamura et al [ 17 ] and Katayama et al [ 18 ] conducted one of the first studies to confirm the need for watermarking approaches in the print-cam process. They introduced a spatial domain watermarking technique for camera-equipped mobile phones, designed to withstand geometric distortions through frame synchronization.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cam-Unet: Print-Cam Image Correction for Zero-Bit Fourier Image Watermarking

Boujerfaoui,

Douzi,

Harba

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Image watermarking often involves the use of handheld devices under non-structured conditions for authentication purposes, particularly in the print-cam process where smartphone cameras are used to capture watermarked printed images. However, these images frequently suffer from perspective distortions, making them unsuitable for automated information detection. To address this issue, Cam-Unet, an end-to-end neural network architecture, is presented to predict the mapping from distorted images to rectified ones, specifically tailored for print-cam challenges applied to ID images. Given the limited availability of large-scale real datasets containing ground truth distortions, we created an extensive synthetic dataset by subjecting undistorted images to print-cam attacks. The proposed network is trained on this dataset, using various data augmentation techniques to improve its generalization capabilities. Accordingly, this paper presents an image watermarking system for the print-cam process. The approach combines Fourier transform-based watermarking with Cam-Unet as perspective distortion correction. Results show that the proposed method outperforms existing watermarking approaches typically employed to counter print-cam attacks and achieves an optimal balance between efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

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“…Our digital watermarking technology [3] first detects the watermark-embedded regions from the image using the quadrilateral fast tracking method called Side Trace Algorithm (STA) [6]. It is assumed that the watermark-embedded region lies within a thin frame with four sides.…”

Section: Digital Watermarking Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%