New hints for improving sleep: Tea polyphenols mediate gut microbiota to regulate circadian disturbances

Abstract

Biological rhythm is a natural physiological phenomenon of the human body, which is regulated by the biological rhythm system, including the sleep cycle, body temperature fluctuation, endocrine level, biological metabolism, and so on. Sleep disturbance is one of the main manifestations of circadian biological rhythm disorder, which has a serious impact on people's work and quality of life. Studies have shown that gut microbiota and circadian rhythms can interact through the brain-gut pathway. Tea polyphenols can effectively modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The interaction between circadian rhythm and the gut microbiota suggests that intervention with tea polyphenols is a possible way for improving sleep. Therefore, through investigating the circadian regulation mechanism of tea polyphenols mediated by gut microbiota, we can shed new light on the relationship between sleep and metabolic disturbances, as well as the beneficial effect of tea polyphenols on sleep improving.

Sleep Deprivation and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Current Understandings and Implications

“…Sleep has a more profound effect on the latter [58,105,106]. A large number of reports have verified that SD has the ability to cause alterations in glucose tolerance, acute insulin response to glucose, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity, all presenting a trend of decrease [30,58,106]. The mechanisms linking SD and abnormal glucose metabolism lie in several aspects: (1) the activation of the sympathetic nervous system can lower β-cells responses to glucose, thus resulting in reduced insulin sensitivity; (2) increasing free fatty acids brought by SD via promoting gluconeogenesis can lead to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia; and (3) the inflammation caused by SD, as mentioned above, can lead to insulin resistance, mainly via cytokines and corresponding signaling pathways (TNF-α & IKKβ/NF-κB pathway, IL-6 & JAK-STAT pathway) [107,108].…”

“…Previous research has found that 20% to one-quarter of the population of the United States is forced to face it [16][17][18] because of improper diet [19], pressure [20,21], and increasing brain stimulation by smartphones [1]. Possible adverse outcomes elicited by SD include depression (in a bidirectional relationship with SD) [22][23][24][25][26], obesity [27,28], diabetes [14,29], cardiovascular disease [30,31], cancer [32,33], neurological dysfunction [31,34], and even death [34]. Therefore, a better understanding of the association between SD and human diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms of action, is of critical importance.…”

Assessing the Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Gut Microbiota of Loaches (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) under Chronic Ammonia Nitrogen Stress

“…PCoA, NMDS, and heatmap clustering analyses clearly demonstrated distinct characteristics of the gut bacterial community of loaches under the two feeding conditions on day 10. This divergence in microbial composition may be attributed to the abundance of digestive enzymes and symbiotic microorganisms within the gut, whereas TPs are prone to metabolic transformations facilitated by these enzymes or microorganisms [51]. The metabolism of TPs by the gut microbiota involves multiple pathways, leading to the production of diverse metabolites with distinct structures, such as pyrogallol, 5-(3 ′ ,4 ′dihydroxyphenyl)-, or 5-(3 ′ ,4 ′ ,5 ′ -trihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone.…”

The evaluation of catechins reducing heterocyclic aromatic amine formation: Structure-activity relationship and mechanism speculation

“…Catechins are a class of flavan-3-ol, along with flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, leucoanthocyanidins (flavan-3,4-diols) and anthocyanidins, belong to the class of flavonoids, a complex class of phenolic substances ( Braicu et al, 2013 ; Sagar N A et al, 2022 ). Accounting for about 60%–80% on the total tea polyphenols, catechins are important functional components in tea and possess various bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial antiviral and immunomodulatory effects ( Anandh Babu and Liu, 2008 ; Maheshwari S et al, 2022 ; Xiang et al, 2023 ). Catechins mainly consist of catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin gallate (CG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG).…”