New Horizons of Applied Scanning Electron Microscopy

Shimizu, Kenichi; Mitani, Tomoaki

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03160-1

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…To overcome this key difficulty that is combined to the well-known problem of contamination in SEM, the most unique strategy would be to clean the sample just before its visualization and to use standards of known composition set side by side to the investigated sample. Sample and standards have to be implemented simultaneously to an efficient cleaning process [59], in order to minimize deviations between the work functions (and then between the SEE yields) of sample compounds and of standards of the same composition. Next a simple comparison between the grey levels of the standards and of the sample may permit a spatial localization of the various components in the SEM images.…”

Section: Complementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material contrast in SEM: Fermi energy and work function effects

Cazaux

2010

Ultramicroscopy

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Section: Complementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material contrast in SEM: Fermi energy and work function effects

Cazaux

2010

Ultramicroscopy

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“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can image various sample surfaces by scanning them with an electron beam (Goldstein et al, 2003;Hodges and Hallowers, 1980;Shimizu and Mitani, 2009). SEM is widely used for surface observations in basic and applied biology, industries, and other fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids for observing cultured human cells by scanning electron microscopy

Ishigaki¹,

Nakamura²,

Takehara³

et al. 2011

Microscopy Res & Technique

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An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt that remains in the liquid state at room temperature. It does not vaporize under vacuum and imparts electrical conductivity to samples for observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Recently, the usefulness of ILs has been widely recognized. In our previous study, one of the ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EtMelm(+) BF(4)(-)) was used for SEM analysis of biological samples. In comparison with the conventional method, samples prepared using EtMelm(+) BF(4)(-) provided more detailed SEM images of the cell ultrastructure, enabling the observation of protrusions. In addition, the IL treatment is a less time consuming and simple method that does not include dehydration, drying, and conductivity treatments, which are an essential parts of the conventional method. In this study, we compared the usefulness of four hydrophobic and three hydrophilic ILs for SEM to observe fixed cultured human A549 cells. All ILs worked well to prevent "charge-up" effect for SEM observation. However, the hydrophilic ILs tended to provide clearer images than the hydrophobic ILs. We concluded that various ILs can be used for SEM sample preparation and their application to a wide range of fields is anticipated in future.

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“…After evacuation, Ar gas was introduced at a pressure of 650 Pa. An rf glow discharge was operated at an applied power of 20 W. It has been reported that this sputtering condition is suitable to have modified surface of the steel sample depending on crystal orientation. 1,2) A FE-SEM (Ultra55, SII Nano Tech., Carl Zeiss Co.) was used for surface observation. This instrument has a built-in lens-type secondary electron detector and an energy selective backscattered electron detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been reported that in the case of rf glow discharge, more "moderate" or "mild" sputtering is possible. 1,7) In this case, the damage on the surface of the sample induced by Ar sputtering is drastically reduced. This discharge condition is suitable for low-voltage FE-SEM observation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SEM Observation of Inclusions in Steel Samples Using Fast Cleaning and Modification of the Surface by Glow Discharge

Tsuji

Shimizu

2013

ISIJ Int.

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SEM (scanning electron microscopy) is a useful technique for the observation of the surface morphology of various materials. Compared to TEM (transmission electron microscope), one of the advantages of SEM is easy sample preparation, although the spatial resolution of SEM is normally less than that of TEM. To improve the spatial resolution of SEM observation, it is well known that a low accelerating voltage SEM is an effective technique. We have proposed the application of glow discharge surface treatment before high-resolution SEM observation. An rf-glow discharge was applied with Ar gas for a steel sample just for 6 sec., leading to surface cleaning, that is, removing the surface oxidation or contamination layer. Besides the surface cleaning, a glow discharge sputtering modified the surface of the steel sample depending on crystal orientation. This surface modification was useful for high-resolution SEM observation. The surface of the steel sample was observed by FE (field emission)-SEM with a low accelerating voltage. A fine structure of grains and inclusions in the sample was clearly observed. The density of the inclusions was roughly determined as being 4 × 10 4 /cm 2 .

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New Horizons of Applied Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Material contrast in SEM: Fermi energy and work function effects

Material contrast in SEM: Fermi energy and work function effects

Comparative study of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids for observing cultured human cells by scanning electron microscopy

SEM Observation of Inclusions in Steel Samples Using Fast Cleaning and Modification of the Surface by Glow Discharge

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