New Human Bone Radiocarbon Dates From the Roman Period–migration Period Lithuanian Cemeteries

Kurila, Laurynas; Piličiauskienė, Giedrė; Simčenka, Edvardas; Ežerinskis, Žilvinas; Šapolaitė, Justina; Garbaras, Andrius

doi:10.1017/rdc.2022.92

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Pastaraisiais metais sukauptas nemažas Rytų Lietuvos pilkapių griautinių ir degintinių kapų radiokarboninių datų rinkinys (Kurila 2015;Šapolaitė et al 2021;Kurila et al spaudoje;Piličiauskienė et al 2022), nemažai datuotų kapų priklauso būtent laidosenos kaitos laikotarpiui. Jie reikšmingai prisidėjo sprendžiant įvairius su chronologija susijusius klausimus.…”

Section: įVadasunclassified

“…Dauguma aptariamų kapų apibūdinti ankstesniuose straipsniuose (Kurila 2015;Kurila et al spaudoje;Piličiauskienė et al 2022), be to, didžioji dalis tyrimų medžiagos yra daugiau ar mažiau išsamiai skelbta (Hołubowiczowie 1940;Kulikauskas 1959;Kuncienė 1980;Tautavičius 1981;Butėnienė 1982a;1982b;Bliujus 1983;Merkevičius 1990;Girininkas 1994;Semėnas 1996;1998;Butėnas 1998;Šimėnas 1998;Kliaugaitė 2000;Vėlius 2000;Vaitkevičius 2004;Grižas, Steponaitis 2005;Iwanowska 2006;Luchtanas 2006;Kurila, Kliaugaitė 2007;2008;Kurila 2008a;2008b;Baltramiejūnaitė, Vengalis 2010;Steponaitis 2012). Todėl anksčiau datuotų mėginių archeologinis kontekstas nekartojamas.…”

Section: Medžiagos Atrankaunclassified

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Mirusiųjų deginimo papročio plitimas rytų Lietuvoje: naujas chronologinis modelis, paremtas radiokarboninio datavimo duomenimis

Kurila

2022

Lietuvos Archeologija

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The article discusses the model of the spread of cremation in the East Lithuanian barrow culture based on the data of radiocarbon dating. It proposes a review of the model established in literature that a wave of cremation spread from the south of the region to the north between the late 4th century AD and of the early 6th century AD. The stage of the earliest cremations can be dated to 248–335 cal AD, and the stage of the latest inhumations to 420–556 cal AD. This suggests that both inhumation and cremation were practised in Eastern Lithuania for about two centuries from the Late Roman period to the Late Migration period. The hypothesis that the practice of cremation spread from south to north is being corrected rather than refuted. While this process was quite sudden, it was due to the spread of a new tradition alongside the old rather than a wave of change regarding burial rites. Cremation spread early (c. 250–400 cal AD) in the northern part of the region and was an established practice alongside inhumation. The practice of cremation probably became prevalent earlier in Southeastern Lithuania. These processes are synchronous with the emergence of the horizon of the burials of chieftains and warriors in Eastern Lithuania, but the determination of an earlier date for this horizon provides grounds for new discussions about its historical, cultural, and social background. Keywords: radiocarbon dating, East Lithuanian barrows, burial customs, inhumation, cremation.

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Section: įVadasunclassified

Section: Medžiagos Atrankaunclassified

Mirusiųjų deginimo papročio plitimas rytų Lietuvoje: naujas chronologinis modelis, paremtas radiokarboninio datavimo duomenimis

Kurila

2022

Lietuvos Archeologija

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Chronological considerations for the use of the Late Roman–Migration period Cemetery at Plinkaigalis, Lithuania

Orozco,

Kurila,

Micelicaitė

et al. 2024

Radiocarbon

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This study presents new (n=32) and previously published (n=35) human bone 14C AMS dates from 54 individuals interred in 50 burials in the Plinkaigalis cemetery (3rd–7th century AD, Lithuania). The aim of this study is to establish duration of use and identify temporal subgroups within the cemetery. Individuals in group burials were assessed for temporal agreement across individuals and the dates for individuals with multiple dates were combined using OxCal. The Sum command, Interval command, and two Bayesian models (overlapping and abutting periods of use) were used to approximate the use of the site over time and evaluate the chronology of dated burials. An IDW (inverse distance weighted) model was employed to visualize median radiocarbon dates across the cemetery for comparison to earlier IDW interpolations of time at Plinkaigalis. While the two models cannot be distinguished at this time, it can be determined that the site was likely in continuous use from 200–600 cal AD (Sum), 230–560 cal AD (Model 1), 220–550 cal AD (Model 2), or cal 283–508 AD (IDW). The area of the cemetery associated with earliest use shifted east when the IDW model was compared to original data. There was also poor agreement in some group burials and burials with multiple dates. The models generally agree on assignment of burials to phases, but disparate phase assignment was noted across the IDW and Bayesian models. Temporal subgroups cannot be confidently reclassified beyond early/later periods of use based on these models without additional sampling and refinement of the IDW modeling method.

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Horses in Lithuania in the Late Roman–Medieval Period (3rd–14th C AD) Burial Sites: Updates on Size, Age and Dating

Piličiauskienė

Kurila

Ežerinskis

et al. 2022

Animals

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The tradition of burying horses in Lithuania lasted from the Early Roman period until the late 14th C AD. It was the longest-lasting custom in Europe, which has left about 2000 known horse burials. This paper publishes the osteometric data and age of horses found in Lithuanian cemeteries and castles of the 3rd–14th C AD, over 200 individuals in total. These are the remains of all the horses still stored in Lithuanian institutions. The paper discusses the dynamics of horse body size in order to test previously suggested hypotheses regarding the relationship between large horse body size and its military use, possibly non-local breed, and high social status of the owner. Moreover, we are publishing the AMS 14C dates of 13 horses previously assigned to the Migration period. The research results corrected the existing chronology. The abundant data also allowed an assessment of the development of the size and age of the horses in Lithuania between the 3rd and 14th C AD. Osteometric analyses have shown that Late Roman–post-Migration-period horses were unusually large compared to the Viking and medieval horses in Lithuania. Meanwhile, we suggest that the semi-slender-legged 118–125-cm-tall horse, which predominated in the Viking period, is the most consistent with the local horse type. In general, the horses in Lithuania in the 3rd–11th C AD were small compared to those in Central and Western Europe or Scandinavia. More significant changes can be observed in the Middle Ages. In the 12–14th C AD, there was a much greater variety of horses and the expansion of taller (140–150 cm) individuals. However, the continued abundance of small horses in the medieval times, found buried with saddles and other equipment, allows one to renew the debate on the formation of the cavalry, the tactics of combat, and the social composition of horsemen in Lithuania.

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New Human Bone Radiocarbon Dates From the Roman Period–migration Period Lithuanian Cemeteries

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Mirusiųjų deginimo papročio plitimas rytų Lietuvoje: naujas chronologinis modelis, paremtas radiokarboninio datavimo duomenimis

Mirusiųjų deginimo papročio plitimas rytų Lietuvoje: naujas chronologinis modelis, paremtas radiokarboninio datavimo duomenimis

Chronological considerations for the use of the Late Roman–Migration period Cemetery at Plinkaigalis, Lithuania

Horses in Lithuania in the Late Roman–Medieval Period (3rd–14th C AD) Burial Sites: Updates on Size, Age and Dating

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