New hybrid approaches for SLL reduction and size miniaturization of planar antenna arrays based on 2D convolution and genetic algorithm

Elkhawaga, Ahmed M.; Mahmoud, Nessim; Elnaby, Mustafa M. Abd; Hussein, Amr H.

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2021.12.065

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…To mitigate the SLL problem of the EPP-BSA, a second array beam scanning approach is introduced. In this approach, SLL reduction of the array pattern is firstly performed using the single convolution/genetic algorithm (SC/GA) technique introduced in [ 17 ] and then performance-optimized EPP in the azimuth plane. This combination between SLL reduction and EPP (SLL/EPP) results in a limited scanning range but with a relatively constant HPBW and minimal variations in the synthesized SLL.…”

Section: Proposed Epp-based Beam Scanning Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane

El-Rahman

Elkhawaga

Hussein

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In this paper, two sector beam scanning approaches (BSAs) based on element position perturbations (EPPs) in the azimuth plane are introduced. In EPP-BSA, the elements’ excitations are kept constant and the elements’ positions in the direction normal to the array line are changed according to a predetermined EPP pattern. The magnitude and repetition rate of the selected EPP pattern determines the steering angle of the main beam. However, EPP-BSA results in a wide scanning range with a significant increase in the side lobe level (SLL). To mitigate this drawback, a reduction in the SLL of the array pattern is firstly performed using the single convolution/genetic algorithm (SC/GA) technique and then perturbing the elements’ positions in the azimuth plane. This combination between SLL reduction and EPP-BSA (SLL/EPP-BSA) results in a smaller scanning range with a relatively constant half power beamwidth (HPBW) and a much lower SLL. In addition, keeping the synthesized excitation coefficients constant without adding progressive phase shifters facilitates the manufacturing process and reduces the cost of the feeding network. Furthermore, a planar antenna array thinning approach is proposed to realize the EPP-BSA. The results are realized using the computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software package, which provides users with an optimized modeling environment and results in realizable and realistic designs.

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Section: Proposed Epp-based Beam Scanning Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane

El-Rahman

Elkhawaga

Hussein

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…In present study, a total of five input parameters and three output parameters were considered for the design of the experiment. Previous studies have proved that soft computing techniques provide more reliable optimum results in the case of multiobjective optimization [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. GA is an inbuilt tool in MATLAB, which make it friendlier for users.…”

Section: Multiobjective Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As per the SCOPUS database, more than sixty-four thousand articles have been published to date. Researchers have successfully implemented GA in various disciplines, such as machining [ 35 ], drug repurposing [ 36 ], automobiles [ 37 ], earth work activities [ 38 ], transportation [ 39 ], antenna [ 40 ], energy planning [ 41 ], electric vehicle [ 42 ], structural design [ 43 ], etc. Figure 8 represents the genetic algorithm flow chart.…”

Section: Multiobjective Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiobjective Optimization of Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) on Inconel 625 Tubes Using Genetic Algorithm: Modeling and Microstructural Analysis

Singh

Kumar

Kansal³

et al. 2022

Micromachines

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The demand for the surface integrity of complex structures is drastically increasing in the field of aerospace, marine and automotive industry. Therefore, Inconel alloy, due to its superior attributes, has a wide scope for the improvement in surface integrity. To achieve the precise surface finish and enhance the process performance, process optimization is necessary. In current paper, chemically assisted MAF process parameters were optimized using the genetic algorithm (GA) approach during finishing of Inconel 625 tubes. Regression models were developed for improvement in internal surface finish (PIISF), improvement in external surface finish (PIESF), and material removal (MR) using Design expert software. Then, the surface microstructure of Inconel 625 tubes was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA analysis predicts that processing time and abrasive size have the highest percentage contribution in improving the surface finish and material removal. Multioptimization results suggested to set the level of processing time (A) at 75 min, surface rotational speed (B) at 60 RPM, weight % of abrasives (C) at 30%, chemical concentration (D) at 500 gm/lt and abrasive size (E) at 40 microns to obtain optimal parameters for PIISF, PIESF and MR responses.

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“…Newly proposed hybrid beamforming techniques for minimizing the size of uniform planar antenna arrays (UPAA) and reducing their SLL were presented in [14]. They are based on the hybridization between the two-dimensional (2D) convolution and GA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

Amer,

Khalaf,

Hussein

et al. 2024

CMES

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Side lobe level reduction (SLL) of antenna arrays significantly enhances the signal-to-interference ratio and improves the quality of service (QOS) in recent and future wireless communication systems starting from 5G up to 7G. Furthermore, it improves the array gain and directivity, increasing the detection range and angular resolution of radar systems. This study proposes two highly efficient SLL reduction techniques. These techniques are based on the hybridization between either the single convolution or the double convolution algorithms and the genetic algorithm (GA) to develop the Conv/GA and DConv/GA, respectively. The convolution process determines the element's excitations while the GA optimizes the element spacing. For M elements linear antenna array (LAA), the convolution of the excitation coefficients vector by itself provides a new vector of excitations of length N = (2M −1). This new vector is divided into three different sets of excitations including the odd excitations, even excitations, and middle excitations of lengths M, M − 1, and M, respectively. When the same element spacing as the original LAA is used, it is noticed that the odd and even excitations provide a much lower SLL than that of the LAA but with a much wider half-power beamwidth (HPBW). While the middle excitations give the same HPBW as the original LAA with a relatively higher SLL. To mitigate the increased HPBW of the odd and even excitations, the element spacing is optimized using the GA. Thereby, the synthesized arrays have the same HPBW as the original LAA with a two-fold reduction in the SLL. Furthermore, for extreme SLL reduction, the DConv/GA is introduced. In this technique, the same procedure of the aforementioned Conv/GA technique is performed on the resultant even and odd excitation vectors. It provides a relatively wider HPBW than the original LAA with about quad-fold reduction in the SLL. KEYWORDSArray synthesis; convolution process; genetic algorithm (GA); half power beamwidth (HPBW); linear antenna array (LAA); side lobe level (SLL); quality of service (QOS)

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New hybrid approaches for SLL reduction and size miniaturization of planar antenna arrays based on 2D convolution and genetic algorithm

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane

Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane

Multiobjective Optimization of Chemically Assisted Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) on Inconel 625 Tubes Using Genetic Algorithm: Modeling and Microstructural Analysis

New Antenna Array Beamforming Techniques Based on Hybrid Convolution/Genetic Algorithm for 5G and Beyond Communications

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