New In Situ -Generated Polymer-Iodine Complexes with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

Infectious diseases are of mounting medical and public concern. A major contributor to this trend is the proliferation of medical implants, which are inherently vulnerable to microbial contamination and the subsequent onset of hospital-acquired infections.

Development of iodine based sustained release antimicrobial coatings for polyurethane voice prostheses

“…Iodine loaded TPU pristine exhibited a rapid release behavior with 60% cumulative release of loaded iodine within the first ten days, suggestive of relatively short-term iodine complexing with urethane linkage. 41,51,52 However with coating of the tercopolymer on the TPU base polymer, the iodine holding capacity was significantly improved and showed a cumulative release of 41%, 36% and 25% from discs coated with 20%, 40% and 60% tercopolymer solution containing 35% NVP. The tercopolymer coating thickness with 20%, 40% and 60% coat was found to be 40 AE 10 mm, 100 AE 20 mm and 180 AE 30 mm, respectively.…”

“…38 Previously, Gillam et al attempted coating PVP-I on wound dressings through plasma polymerization, 39,40 but for voice prostheses, plasma treatment on inside surfaces could be problematic. Earlier TPU-iodine complexes were co-extruded as a proof of concept to produce biocidal active materials, 41 though the high temperature co-extrusion of iodine at polymer melting temperature would be associated with problems due to iodine sublimation and its highly corrosive nature. Almost all the studies suggest excellent antimicrobial qualities of iodine but the applications are cumbersome, lack a long term and controlled iodine release mechanism or may be difficult to upscale.…”

Antimicrobial Solid Starch–Iodine Complex via Reactive Extrusion and Its Application in PLA-PBAT Blown Films

“…In some studies, the addition of a povidone–iodine complex to polylactide (PLA) has resulted in composite materials with antifungal attributes [ 12 ]. López-Álvarez et al (2022) also investigated the direct addition of iodine to polyamide (PA) and polyurethane (PU) matrices using a twin-screw extruder to generate polymer–iodine complexes [ 18 ]. To our knowledge, there have not been any studies to prepare and incorporate the starch–iodine complex in other polymer films or foams for antimicrobial packaging applications.…”