New Ideas and Data on Competence and DNA Entry in Transformation of Bacillus subtilis

Erickson, Robert J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-95180-0_3

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…This organism may be a choice model for studies of heterologous transformation for the following reasons. (i) Competence can be attained at a high level for DNA from either bacteria or bacteriophage in a defined medium (1,5,18,35,46). (ii) An extensive genetic map has been developed for both physiological and morphogenetic characteristics (14,47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Intergenotic Transformation of the Bacillus subtilis Genospecies

Wilson

Young

1972

J Bacteriol

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A multiple auxotrophic derivative of Bacillus subtilis 168 (strain BR151 carrying lys-3, trpC2, metB10) was transformed with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from B. subtilis 168, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H, B. subtilis HSR, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus licheniformis. Transformation with heterologous DNA occurred at a very low frequency for the three auxotrophic markers. Heterologous transformation to rifampin resistance was 100 to 1,000 times more efficient than transformation to prototrophy. Transformants from the various heterologous exchanges were used to prepare donor DNA. The fragment of integrated DNA from the heterologous (foreign) species, termed the "intergenote," was capable of transforming BR151 with an efficiency almost equal to that of homologous DNA. When BR151 DNA contained the RfmR (rifampin resistance) intergenote from B. amyloliquefaciens H, the frequency of transformation was frequently greater than that of the homologous DNA. Accompanying this increased efficiency was a marked change in the physiology of the cells. The growth rate of the transformants carrying this intergenote was approximately one-half that of either parental strain. Thus, in a prokaryotic transformation system, adverse side effects can occur after incorporation of a segment of foreign DNA.

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confidence: 99%

Intergenotic Transformation of the Bacillus subtilis Genospecies

Wilson

Young

1972

J Bacteriol

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“…In a phenotypically competent population of Str. pneumoniae it is reported that all cells in the population take up exogenous DNA (9) and the transformation efficiency is of the order of 10 I. In H .…”

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Fate of Exogenous Dna in Neisseria Meningitidis

Gundersen

Jyssum

1973

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbio

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A method is presented for the isolation of 153H DNA from Neisseria meningitidis. The 15N DNA separates from ordinary 14N DNA of N. meningitidis when analysed in analytical density centrifugation corresponding to a difference in buoyant density of approximately 0.013 g/cm3. The specific density of regular N. meningitidis DNA is found to be 1.7105 g/cm3. Analysis by preparative density centrifugation of cell extracts of N. meningitidis transformed with 15N3H DNA shows that the radioactivity taken up during transformation assumes a specific density very close to that of the recipient DNA. The absence of radioactivity corresponding to that of the donor DNA in these cell extracts supports the notion that N. meningitidis lacks a DNase insensitive site outside the membrane, and supports the hypothesis of a concomitant uptake and integration of homologous, exogenous DNA in N. meningitidis transformation.

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“…Colonies arising on selective media were tested for cotransfer of linked markers (Table 1); colonies arising on nonselective media were tested for all markers ( Table 2). These experiments take advantage of the facts that germinating spores both release transforming DNA (7) and become competent for transformation (8).…”

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“…This seems to restrict the possible sharpening mechanisms to mechanical ones acting either directly on the inner hair cells or distally to them. Although some such mechanisms have been suggested in the past (6,7,8), they are either difficult to reconcile with the currently available empirical information, are based on misconceptions, or lack plausible physical implementations. As a consequence, we attempted to look again at cochlear micromechanics.…”

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confidence: 99%