New Insight Into the Interspecies Shift of Anammox Bacteria Ca. “Brocadia” and Ca. “Jettenia” in Reactors Fed With Formate and Folate

Abstract

The sensitivity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria to environmental fluctuations is a frequent cause of reactor malfunctions. It was hypothesized that the addition of formate and folate would have a stimulating effect on anammox bacteria, which in turn would lead to the stability of the anammox process under conditions of a sharp increase in ammonium load, i.e., it helps overcome a stress factor. The effect of formate and folate was investigated using a setup consisting of three parallel sequencing batch reactors equipped with a carrier. Two runs of the reactors were performed. The composition of the microbial community was studied by the 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis. Among anammox bacteria, Ca. “Brocadia” spp. dominated during the first run. A stimulatory effect of folate on the daily nitrogen removal rate (dN) was identified. The addition of formate led to progress in dissimilatory nitrate reduction and stimulated the growth of Ca. “Jettenia” spp. The spatial separation of two anammox species was observed in the formate reactor: Ca. “Brocadia” occupied the carrier and Ca. “Jettenia”—the walls of the reactors. Biomass storage at low temperature without feeding led to an interspecies shift in anammox bacteria in favor of Ca. “Jettenia.” During the second run, a domination of Ca. “Jettenia” spp. was recorded along with a stimulating effect of formate, and there was no effect of folate on dN. A comparative genome analysis revealed the patterns suggesting different strategies used by Ca. “Brocadia” and Ca. “Jettenia” spp. to cope with environmental changes.

Start‐up and operation of anammox biofilter in treating low‐strength ammonia wastewater prepared by tail water from a municipal wastewater treatment plant

“…Canditatus_Brocadia has been reported to be able to obtain more substrates in low‐nitrogen‐concentration environments through movement. Besides, it has the ability to perceive and respond to nitrogen limitations through inducing changes in transcription, quickly adapt to nitrite limitations and stabilize nitrogen metabolism processes 38 . In addition, Zheng et al .…”

“…Besides, it has the ability to perceive and respond to nitrogen limitations through inducing changes in transcription, quickly adapt to nitrite limitations and stabilize nitrogen metabolism processes. 38 In addition, Zheng et al used an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor to treat high-ammonium wastewater and conducted a detailed study on the abundance and diversity of AnAOB and the results indicated that Candidatus_Brocadia preferred to adhere and grow in biofilms, while Candidatus_Kuenenia preferred to grow in suspended sludge. 39 These might be the reasons why the abundance of Candidatus_Brocadia was higher than that of Candidatus_Kuenenia in both R1 and R2.…”

New insights into functional divergence and adaptive evolution of uncultured bacteria in anammox community by complete genome-centric analysis

“…cMAGs provide comprehensive and accurate information on the metabolic potential and genetic interactions within the anammox community. Unlike previous MAGs (Lawson et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2020;Kallistova et al, 2022) that were affected by discontinuity and contamination, these cMAGs offer a more complete picture of the community. The anammox system was thought to be autotrophic due to the absence of external organic carbon source, but there were still many heterotrophs in this system.…”

Exploiting the Potential of Bioreactors for Creating Spatial Organization in the Soil Microbiome: A Strategy for Increasing Sustainable Agricultural Practices

“…The use of bioreactors to detect and study complex microbial communities has been demonstrated for bacteria from the human microbiome and many environmental systems [ 28 , 29 ]. The bioreactor strongly impacted the community structure of the soil microbiome, as shown in Figure 6 of principal components.…”