New insight into the mechanism of formation of dual actives loaded multilayered polymeric particles and their application in food preservation

Abstract

This study provides an insight about the mechanism of formation of tri‐layered (instead of bilayers) particles originated from two biodegradable polymers by emulsion solvent evaporation method. It was also demonstrated how layer configurations of tri‐layered particles composed of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), can be changed from kinetically trapped to thermodynamically favorable structures (dictated by spreading coefficient theory) by tweaking several solution parameters. Layer switching, core, and shell thickness manipulation can also be achieved. Interestingly, among the various configurations, tri‐layered particles made with PLGA of intermediate viscosity and PLLA of high viscosity were found to provide controlled and sustainable release profiles for dual actives such as antibacterial (benzoic acid) and antioxidant (tocopherol) with appreciably high release rates. The dual activity of these particles was tested by incorporating them in chicken broth medium and found to provide excellent antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity for extended period of time (>20 days). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48009.

pH-Sensitive Acetalated Dextran/PLGA-Based Double-Layered Microparticles and Their Application in Food Preservation

“…It is worth mentioning that the use of a high-molecular-weight polymer is crucial to synthesize double-layered particles, especially as the outer layer, as per our previous findings. 26 Preparation of Ac-Dextran/PLGA Double-Layered Microparticles. Ac-dextran/PLGA-based double-layered microparticles were fabricated using a simple, economical onestep emulsion solvent evaporation technique.…”

“…The general mechanism of formation of these types of multilayered microparticles was explained in our previous work. 26 Diffusion of solvent from the emulsion droplets initially results in the polymer coacervate phases. These polymer coacervate phases coalescence with each other during gradual solvent evaporation and merge with their respective layers to form the core−shell structures (Figure 1b).…”

“…To evaluate the potential activity of these microparticles in prolonging the food shelf life, particles such as S1−S3 were injected into a real food model (e.g., pork broth, pH ∼ 5). The desired amount of microparticles 26 was added to the pork broth and antimicrobial activity was observed for 20 days, as shown in Figure 8a. Compared to S2 and S3, system S1 showed a good bacterial inhibition with an initial reduction of 2 log(CFU/mL) followed by a complete bacterial inhibition after 10 days, which continued till 20 days.…”

“…24,25 It was also demonstrated in our previous works that multilayer microparticles can serve as a good CRP system that can deliver dual actives in a controlled manner to prolong the food shelf life. 6,26 In this study, we would like to emphasize on synthesizing "responsive core−shell" particles that can release one active (present in the shell) in an accelerated manner when triggered by a low pH, whereas release of other active from core may follow a controlled-release pattern. The idea was to incorporate dual food packaging actives such as antibacterial and antioxidant in shell and core layers of doublelayered particles, respectively, and exploit the particles as food additives that can be directly injected onto the surface of food where the maximum spoilage occurs.…”

Biocompatible Anisotropic Polymeric Particles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications

“…One of the most sought after techniques to prepare compositionally anisotropic particles is the emulsion solvent evaporation method because of its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. − Various drug-loaded compositionally anisotropic/Janus particles have been prepared using this technique and the mechanism of the control over particle morphology has also been established. Bicompartmental/Janus particles were only produced if they fulfill the requirements of classic spreading coefficient theory, which can be defined on the basis of Harkin’s equation (eq ).…”