New insight into the Quaternary evolution of the River Trent, UK

Bridgland, David R.; Howard, Andy J.; White, Mark; White, Tom S.; Westaway, Rob

doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2015.06.004

Cited by 34 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Suggested extent of MIS 8 ice (modified after Bridgland et al ., , ). Eastern and western ice sheets are differentiated.…”

Section: Evidence From the Tvpp 2: The ‘Hilton Terrace’ Glaciation Ofmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Before the latest Pleistocene, during deposition of the Holme Pierrepont Sand and Gravel (= Floodplain Terrace), the Trent was the principal river draining into the North Sea via the Fen Basin; its diversion to the Humber coincided with Devensian deglaciation (Bridgland et al ., , ; Fig. D,E).…”

Section: Regional Comparison: the Fen Basinmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…3). Glacio‐isostasy . The Eagle Moor–Martin Terrace is bi‐facetted, both upstream and downstream of Lincoln, the upper and lower facets being regarded as equivalents, respectively, of the Sandiacre and Etwall terraces of the Middle Trent, both within the upper part of the multi‐facetted ‘Hilton Terrace Complex’ of that region (Bridgland et al ., , ; Figs 4 and 5). The ‘Upper Hilton Terrace’ has long been associated with glaciation (Posnansky, ; Straw, ; see below), and the facets are attributed to the effects of glacio‐isostatic rebound as the ‘Wragby’ ice sheet diminished and ultimately disappeared (Bridgland et al ., ). Absence of post‐MIS 12/pre‐MIS 8 deposits .…”

Section: Evidence From the Tvpp 1: The Wragby Till Of Lincolnshirementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

White

Bridgland

Westaway

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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The timing and extent of late Middle Pleistocene glaciations in England and the southern North Sea are controversial topics. The recent Trent Valley Palaeolithic Project uncovered evidence for a post‐Anglian, pre‐Devensian glaciation that affected much of central and eastern England; the Wragby Till of Lincolnshire is associated with this glacial event, attributed here to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 8. Coeval glacigenic deposits in the Middle Trent suggest that both western and eastern lobes of MIS 8 ice reached the Derby area. These various deposits have been assigned previously to MIS 12, 10 or 6, although the last can be excluded for the Wragby Till, which is overlain by Trent terrace deposits assigned to MIS 7 (from biostratigraphy and amino acid dating). The disposition of these glacigenic deposits within the landscape, particularly in relation to terrace deposits of the ancestral River Trent, and the absence of MIS 11 and 9 deposits within the footprint of the glaciation also provide compelling evidence. At its maximum extent in eastern England the MIS 8 ice reached the Peterborough area; identifying its extension (or otherwise) into areas such as north‐west Norfolk and the West Midlands requires further work.

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“…Suggested extent of MIS 8 ice (modified after Bridgland et al ., , ). Eastern and western ice sheets are differentiated.…”

Section: Evidence From the Tvpp 2: The ‘Hilton Terrace’ Glaciation Ofmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Regional Comparison: the Fen Basinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Evidence From the Tvpp 1: The Wragby Till Of Lincolnshirementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

White

Bridgland

Westaway

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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“…Isostatic depression caused by the presence of ice in the Vale of York and Lake Humber outflowing south has been cited as a possible cause of the diversion of the River Trent from the Lincoln to Humber Gap during the Late Devensian (Bridgland et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The timing and consequences of the blockage of the Humber Gap by the last British−Irish Ice Sheet

Bateman

Evans

Roberts

et al. 2017

Boreas

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The eastern England terrestrial glacial sequences are critical to the spatial and temporal reconstruction of the last British−Irish Ice sheet (BIIS). Understanding glacial behaviour in the area of the Humber Gap is key as its blockage by ice created extensive proglacial lakes. This paper maps the glacial geomorphology of the Humber Gap region to establish for the first time the extent and thickness of the North Sea Lobe (NSL) of the BIIS. Findings establish the westerly maximal limit of the NSL. Ten new luminescence ages from across the region show the initial Skipsea Till advance to the maximal limits occurred regionally at c. 21.6 ka (Stage 1) and retreated off‐shore c. 18 ka (Stage 2). Punctuated retreat is evident in the south of the region whilst to the immediate north retreat was initially rapid before a series of near synchronous ice advances (including the Withernsea Till advance) occurred at c. 16.8 ka (Stage 3). Full withdrawal of BIIS ice occurred prior to c. 15 ka (Stage 4). Geomorphic mapping and stratigraphy confirms the existence of a proto Lake Humber prior to Stage 1, which persisted to Stage 3 expanding eastward as the NSL ice retreated. It appears that proglacial lakes formed wherever the NSL encountered low topography and reverse gradients during both phases of both advance and retreat. These lakes may in part help explain the dynamism of parts of the NSL, as they initiated ice draw down and associated streaming/surging. The above record of ice‐dammed lakes provides an analogue for now off‐shore parts of the BIIS where it advanced as a number of asynchronous lowland lobes.

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“…The terrace staircase of the principal river in central England, the Trent, is more difficult to interpret than its counterparts in southern England, because much of the catchment has been overridden by glaciations, including the recently identified Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8 Wragby Glaciation (e.g. Westaway, , White et al ., , , Bridgland et al ., , , Westaway et al ., ). By virtue of its principal tributary, the Derbyshire Derwent, which drains most of the Peak District uplands, the Trent catchment spans the transition between ‘lowland’ and ‘upland’ Britain, thus enabling comparison of the uplift histories indicated by the fluvial terraces in lowland parts of the catchment and by cave‐levels in the Carboniferous limestone in its upland part.…”

Section: Evidence For Quaternary Uplift Of Northern England; Comparismentioning

confidence: 99%

Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

Westaway

2016

J Quaternary Science

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New data from offshore and onshore regions confirm the view that the Quaternary uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea are coupled, mediated by lower‐crustal flow induced by the lateral pressure gradient caused by climate‐driven surface processes. Most measured onshore uplift rates, in both upland and lowland localities, are only applicable since the Mid‐Pleistocene Revolution; beforehand, generally lower rates prevailed. Earlier (?Oligocene–Pliocene) phases of uplift and subsidence had typically even lower rates; furthermore, the western margin of the North Sea depocentre was ∼200 km farther from the modern coastline of north‐east England. In the earliest Cenozoic, complex isostatic adjustments occurred in response to the magmatism associated with the Iceland mantle plume; the contemporaneous land surface (relative to the present‐day rock column) in northern England was typically ∼1500 m OD. However, this activity died out during the Palaeogene; the main effect of these events on the modern isostatic configuration was via the emplacement of thick mafic underplating, which now constricts the mobile lower‐crustal layer, explaining the Late Cenozoic ultra‐stability of Ireland. The evidence enables interpretations of the present‐day topography of Britain as static, caused by the Iceland mantle plume, or actively developing in response to plate motions or plate boundary forces, to be excluded.

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New insight into the Quaternary evolution of the River Trent, UK

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

The timing and consequences of the blockage of the Humber Gap by the last British−Irish Ice Sheet

Isostatic compensation of Quaternary vertical crustal motions: coupling between uplift of Britain and subsidence beneath the North Sea

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