New insights into acne pathogenesis: Exploring the role of acne-associated microbial populations

Kumar, Bipul; Pathak, Rajiv; Mary, P. Bertin; Jha, Diksha; Sardana, Kabir; Gautam, Hemant K.

doi:10.1016/j.dsi.2015.12.004

Cited by 85 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The acetone shoot extract of H. odoratissimum which excluded the flowers was prepared by Mathekga and Meyer (1998) and reported antibacterial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis at 10 μg/ml. The choloform:methanol (1:1) leaf and stem extract of H. odoratissimum exhibited no activity against S. epidermidis, another microorganism which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne with an MIC of 4 mg/ml but was active against S. aureus with an MIC of 20 μg/ml (Lourens et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2016). Previous reports on the antimicrobial activity of H. odoratissimum suggested that this plant contains compounds that are more selective toward Gram-positive bacteria, and showed better activity against C. acnes when compared to other acne related Gram-positive microorganisms used in previous studies.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity and Interaction With Benzoyl Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyaluronidases act by completely degrading HA into disaccharides or by degradation into a mixture of unsaturated oligosaccharides. These enzymes contribute to bacterial virulence through tissue injury, facilitating bacterial spread to deeper tissues (Kumar et al, 2016;Nazipi et al, 2017). The inhibition of hyaluronidase activity, therefore, provides an important target for scar prevention and bacterial spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Anti-Acne Potential of Impepho [Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet] to Combat Cutibacterium acnes Virulence

et al. 2020

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The Gram-positive bacterium Cutibacterium acnes (previously Propionibacterium acnes), plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of the dermatological skin disorder acne vulgaris. The methanolic extract of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet (HO-MeOH) was investigated for its ability to target bacterial growth and pathogenic virulence factors associated with acne progression. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of HO-MeOH identified a-humulene (3.94%), acurcumene (3.74%), and caryophyllene (8.12%) as major constituents, which correlated with previous reports of other Helichrysum species. The HO-MeOH extract exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against C. acnes (ATCC 6919) with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.81 µg/ml. It enhanced the antimicrobial activity of benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The extract showed high specificity against C. acnes cell aggregation at sub-inhibitory concentrations, preventing biofilm formation. Mature C. acnes biofilms were disrupted at a sub-inhibitory concentration of 3.91 µg/ml. At 100 µg/ml, HO-MeOH reduced interleukin-1a (IL-1a) cytokine levels in C. acnes-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by 11.08%, highlighting its potential as a comedolytic agent for the treatment of comedonal acne. The extract exhibited a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 157.50 µg/ ml against lipase enzyme activity, an enzyme responsible for sebum degradation, ultimately causing inflammation. The extract's anti-inflammatory activity was tested against various targets associated with inflammatory activation by the bacterium. The extract inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of IL-8 by 48.31% when compared to C. acnes-induced HaCaT cells at 7.81 µg/ml. It exhibited cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) enzyme inhibition with an IC 50 of 22.87 µg/ml. Intracellular nitric oxide (NO) was inhibited by 40.39% at 7.81 µg/ml when compared with NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced RAW264.7 cells. The intracellular NO inhibition was potentially due to the 2.14 fold reduction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. The HO-MeOH extract exhibited an IC 50 of 145.45 µg/ml against virulent hyaluronidase enzyme activity, Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org January 2020 | Volume 10 | Article 1559 1 which is responsible for hyaluronan degradation and scar formation. This study provides scientific validation for the traditional use of H. odoratissimum as an ointment for pimples, not only due to its ability to control C. acnes proliferation but also due to its inhibitory activity on various targets associated with bacterial virulence leading to acne progression.

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Section: Antimicrobial Activity and Interaction With Benzoyl Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Anti-Acne Potential of Impepho [Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet] to Combat Cutibacterium acnes Virulence

et al. 2020

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“…In 2015, it affected more than 630 million people globally, thus being ranked as the eighth most common disease in the world (Disease, Injury, & Prevalence, ). Current research shows that several factors are involved in development of the disease including overgrowth of the skin commensal bacteria, obstruction of the follicle, excess production of sebum, and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit (Thiboutot et al, ), of which an overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes is widely recognized as a key factor in the formation of acne vulgaris (Kumar et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the follicle, excess production of sebum, and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit (Thiboutot et al, 2009), of which an overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes is widely recognized as a key factor in the formation of acne vulgaris (Kumar et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Short lipopeptides specifically inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes with a dual antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory action

Yang

Wang

et al. 2019

British J Pharmacology

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Background and Purpose Propionibacterium acnes is a Gram‐positive bacterium associated with the skin disorder acne. In this study, as fatty acids are considered to be important in the life habitat of P. acnes, we tested our lipopeptide library in an attempt to create potent P. acnes‐specific antimicrobial agents. Experimental Approach The antimicrobial activity of various lipopeptides was determined by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Lipids from P. acnes were used to explore their mode of action. RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and P. acnes respectively were used to measure their anti‐inflammatory activity. Mice ears injected with P. acnes were used to assess the antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects of the peptides tested in vivo. Key Results The most potent candidate, C16‐KWKW, was observed to be more active against P. acnes than against other non‐targeted bacterial strains, such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The mode of action of C16‐KWKW was observed to be through interference with the integrity of the bacterial membrane, thereby impairing membrane permeability and causing leakage of inner contents of bacterial cells. Furthermore, C16‐KWKW inhibited the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and inducible NOS stimulated by both LPS and P. acnes, thus showing potential anti‐inflammatory activity, which was further verified in the in vivo animal studies. Conclusions and Implications C16‐KWKW is a lipopeptide displaying both anti‐P. acnes and anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and shows potential as a treatment for acne vulgaris induced by P. acnes.

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“…As well as proinflammatory mediators, such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins are propagated by the increased sebum production in Acne 19 . Out of the entire natural microflora that resides the derm, only those bacteria specifically are pathogenic which in particular colonize the follicular duct and proliferate 20 . Propionibacteria, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and yeasts of the species Malassezia are the three species of microorganisms which therefore can be allied with the progress of acne lesions 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acne vulgaris leading to psychosocial problems among youth of Karachi

Batool¹,

Sohail²,

Yasmeen³

et al. 2019

Int. j. endorsing health sci. res.

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Background: Acne Vulgaris (AV) is one of the most common prevalent dermal condition and is testified to have affected 80% of the world's populace around the vividly marked ages of 13 to 30 years. The current study is designed to investigate the association among acne and multifactorial pathogenesis along with social factors and psychological impacts on effected individuals. Methodology: A survey-based study on a sample of 500 subjects was conducted from February 2016 to October 2016. A structured questionnaire classified into different sections concerning the demographic characteristics, skin type, complexion were inquired while the lifestyle factors like smoking, drinking habits and other factors leading to AV or associated stress were also interrogated. Results: According to the study results AV was found to be more prevalent in both sexes with a slightly increased outbreak in males (52.4%) as compared to females (47.6%). There was no significant relationship observed between the breakout places of AV and its impact on self-confidence (p=0.197) whereas its impact on the subject's social involvement was significant (p<0.001). Skin type was also found significantly associated with AV outbreak (p<0.05). Apart from physiological factors, smoking was also one of the triggers for AV (p<0.05) while Stress was also correlated with acne and its severity (p<0.000). Conclusion: Despite being the most prevalent common dermal condition, AV and its associated psychological impacts had been neglected worldwide. This under-rated public health concern leads to a number of psychosocial problems leading to diminished confidence, self-esteem, rejections and even suicidal thoughts among those affected with it.

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New insights into acne pathogenesis: Exploring the role of acne-associated microbial populations

Cited by 85 publications

References 63 publications

Exploring the Anti-Acne Potential of Impepho [Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet] to Combat Cutibacterium acnes Virulence

Exploring the Anti-Acne Potential of Impepho [Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet] to Combat Cutibacterium acnes Virulence

Short lipopeptides specifically inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes with a dual antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory action

Acne vulgaris leading to psychosocial problems among youth of Karachi

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