New Insights into Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Improvement of Tissue-Scaffold Integration to Enhance Cartilage Regeneration

Jelodari, Sahar; Sadrabadi, Amin Ebrahimi; Zarei, Fatemeh; Jahangir, Shahrbanoo; Azami, Mahmoud; Sheykhhasan, Mohsen; Hosseini, Samaneh

doi:10.1155/2022/7638245

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In this study, we noticed that the dense out layer in the GH group integrated strongly with native cartilage tissues, even going through the process of histology. This result was consistent with previous studies that ECM-derived components optimize the cellular microenvironment, which results in tissue integration [ 23 ]. However, the structure detached from the original GH scaffold, indicating the potential issue of GH in repairing chondral injury.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

PEG Reinforced Scaffold Promotes Uniform Distribution of Human MSC-Created Cartilage Matrix

Riewruja

Aguglia

Hines

et al. 2022

Gels

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Previously, we used a gelatin/hyaluronic acid (GH)-based scaffold to induce chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSC). The results showed that hBMSCs underwent robust chondrogenesis and facilitated in vivo cartilage regeneration. However, it was noticed that the GH scaffolds display a compressive modulus that is markedly lower than native cartilage. In this study, we aimed to enhance the mechanical strength of GH scaffolds without significantly impairing their chondrosupportive property. Specifically, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and photoinitiators were infiltrated into pre-formed hBMSC-laden GH scaffolds and then photo-crosslinked. Results showed that infiltration of PEG at the beginning of chondrogenesis significantly increased the deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the central area of the scaffold. To explore the mechanism, we compared the cell migration and proliferation in the margin and central areas of GH and PEG-infiltrated GH scaffolds (GH+PEG). Limited cell migration was noticed in both groups, but more proliferating cells were observed in GH than in GH+PEG. Lastly, the in vitro repairing study with bovine cartilage explants showed that PEG- impregnated scaffolds integrated well with host tissues. These results indicate that PEG-GH hybrid scaffolds, created through infiltrating PEG into pre-formed GH scaffolds, display good integration capacity and represent a new tool for the repair of chondral injury.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

PEG Reinforced Scaffold Promotes Uniform Distribution of Human MSC-Created Cartilage Matrix

Riewruja

Aguglia

Hines

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…Over the last few decades, researchers and scientists have attempted to fulfil the demands [1] of osteoarthritic patients [2,3] with an articular cartilage scaffold [4,5] equipped with requisite strength [6,7], cell growth factors [8][9][10], and anti-inflammatory properties [11,12]. Unfortunately, they invented biomaterials, such as hydrogels and their derivatives, that were equipped with the carriers of cell growth factors [13] and anti-inflammatory properties [14] but without the requisite strengths [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Strength Analyses for Low Brass Filler Biomaterial with Anti-Trauma Effects in Articular Cartilage Scaffold Design

Miskon

Zaidi

2022

Materials

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The existing harder biomaterial does not protect the tissue cells with blunt-force trauma effects, making it a poor choice for the articular cartilage scaffold design. Despite the traditional mechanical strengths, this study aims to discover alternative structural strengths for the scaffold supports. The metallic filler polymer reinforced method was used to fabricate the test specimen, either low brass (Cu80Zn20) or titanium dioxide filler, with composition weight percentages (wt.%) of 0, 2, 5, 15, and 30 in polyester urethane adhesive. The specimens were investigated for tensile, flexural, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The tensile and flexural test results increased with wt.%, but there were higher values for low brass filler specimens. The tensile strength curves were extended to discover an additional tensile strength occurring before 83% wt.%. The higher flexural stress was because of the Cu solvent and Zn solute substituting each other randomly. The FESEM micrograph showed a cubo-octahedron shaped structure that was similar to the AuCu3 structure class. The XRD pattern showed two prominent peaks of 2θ of 42.6° (110) and 49.7° (200) with d-spacings of 1.138 Å and 1.010 Å, respectively, that indicated the typical face-centred cubic superlattice structure with Cu and Zn atoms. Compared to the copper, zinc, and cart brass, the low brass indicated these superlattice structures had ordered–disordered transitional states. As a result, this additional strength was created by the superlattice structure and ordered–disordered transitional states. This innovative strength has the potential to develop into an anti-trauma biomaterial for osteoarthritic patients.

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“…[90] However, the integration of these pre-formed constructs with the native tissue remains a formidable challenge, despite the exploration of a range of sophisticated strategies including chemotactic biomolecules, interfacial adhesives, ECM digestion, and extracellular vesicles. [214,215] As an example. the lack of integration in osteochondral implants could be responsible for unbalanced mechanical stress, synovial fluid infiltration, and accumulation of fibrotic tissue, which in turn can cause deterioration of the implanted bioscaffold.…”

Section: Failures Of Integration For Pre-fabricated Cartilage Constructsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within or Without You? A Perspective Comparing In Situ and Ex Situ Tissue Engineering Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair

O’Connell

Duchi

Onofrillo

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Human articular cartilage has a poor ability to self-repair, meaning small injuries often lead to osteoarthritis, a painful and debilitating condition which is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Existing clinical strategies generally do not regenerate hyaline type cartilage, motivating research toward tissue engineering solutions. Prospective cartilage tissue engineering therapies can be placed into two broad categories: i) Ex situ strategies, where cartilage tissue constructs are engineered in the lab prior to implantation and ii) in situ strategies, where cells and/or a bioscaffold are delivered to the defect site to stimulate chondral repair directly. While commonalities exist between these two approaches, the core point of distinction-whether chondrogenesis primarily occurs "within" or "without" (outside) the body-can dictate many aspects of the treatment. This difference influences decisions around cell selection, the biomaterials formulation and the surgical implantation procedure, the processes of tissue integration and maturation, as well as, the prospects for regulatory clearance and clinical translation. Here, ex situ and in situ cartilage engineering strategies are compared: Highlighting their respective challenges, opportunities, and prospects on their translational pathways toward long term human cartilage repair.

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New Insights into Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Improvement of Tissue-Scaffold Integration to Enhance Cartilage Regeneration

Cited by 27 publications

References 130 publications

PEG Reinforced Scaffold Promotes Uniform Distribution of Human MSC-Created Cartilage Matrix

PEG Reinforced Scaffold Promotes Uniform Distribution of Human MSC-Created Cartilage Matrix

Structural Strength Analyses for Low Brass Filler Biomaterial with Anti-Trauma Effects in Articular Cartilage Scaffold Design

Within or Without You? A Perspective Comparing In Situ and Ex Situ Tissue Engineering Strategies for Articular Cartilage Repair

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