New insights into copper homeostasis in filamentous fungi

Antsotegi-Uskola, Martzel; Markina-Iñarrairaegui, Ane; Ugalde, Unai

doi:10.1007/s10123-019-00081-5

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Cu 2+ must also be reduced before uptake, however, there is some ambiguity regarding the reductases responsible [ 39 ]. This reductase has been referred to as unknown ferric reductase (“Fre?”), a general Fre reductase, and metallo-reductase Afu8g01310 (homolog of S. cerevisiae FRE or FRE3 ) [ 39 , 193 , 194 ]. After reduction, CtrA2 and CtrC (both homologs of S. cerevisiae Ctr1) transport Cu + into the cytosol and serve as enzymatic cofactors [ 37 , 39 ].…”

Section: Fungal–metal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less is known about copper resistance in filamentous fungi. In Aspergillus spp., P-type ATPase CrpA has Cu + exporting activity that aids in cellular detoxification, increasing Cu + resistance [ 90 , 193 , 209 ]. High-affinity copper importers, CtrA2 and CtrC, may be involved in resistance, but are still under investigation [ 37 , 49 ].…”

Section: Fungal–metal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal–Metal Interactions: A Review of Toxicity and Homeostasis

Robinson

Isikhuemhen

Anike

2021

JoF

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Metal nanoparticles used as antifungals have increased the occurrence of fungal–metal interactions. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how these interactions cause genomic and physiological changes, which can produce fungal superbugs. Despite interest in these interactions, there is limited understanding of resistance mechanisms in most fungi studied until now. We highlight the current knowledge of fungal homeostasis of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and silver to comprehensively examine associated mechanisms of resistance. Such mechanisms have been widely studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but limited reports exist in filamentous fungi, though they are frequently the subject of nanoparticle biosynthesis and targets of antifungal metals. In most cases, microarray analyses uncovered resistance mechanisms as a response to metal exposure. In yeast, metal resistance is mainly due to the down-regulation of metal ion importers, utilization of metallothionein and metallothionein-like structures, and ion sequestration to the vacuole. In contrast, metal resistance in filamentous fungi heavily relies upon cellular ion export. However, there are instances of resistance that utilized vacuole sequestration, ion metallothionein, and chelator binding, deleting a metal ion importer, and ion storage in hyphal cell walls. In general, resistance to zinc, copper, iron, and manganese is extensively reported in yeast and partially known in filamentous fungi; and silver resistance lacks comprehensive understanding in both.

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Section: Fungal–metal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal–metal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal–Metal Interactions: A Review of Toxicity and Homeostasis

Robinson

Isikhuemhen

Anike

2021

JoF

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“…In fungi, it functions for instance, as a cofactor of enzymes of the respiratory chain, in free radical detoxification, pigmentation, and iron acquisition ( Smith et al, 2017 ; Antsotegi-Uskola et al, 2020 ). An excess of copper ions, on the other hand, is toxic because it can inactivate other metalloenzymes by displacement of their functional divalent cation cofactor, and can catalyze the generation of radicals from hydrogen peroxide, a ubiquitous byproduct of oxidative respiration by the Fenton reaction ( Smith et al, 2017 ; Antsotegi-Uskola et al, 2020 ). Cu 2+ sensitivity is an interface between competing (micro)organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Source Dependent Interplay of Copper and Manganese Ions Modulates the Morphology and Itaconic Acid Production in Aspergillus terreus

et al. 2021

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The effects of the interplay of copper(II) and manganese(II) ions on growth, morphology and itaconic acid formation was investigated in a high-producing strain of Aspergillus terreus (NRRL1960), using carbon sources metabolized either mainly via glycolysis (D-glucose, D-fructose) or primarily via the pentose phosphate shunt (D-xylose, L-arabinose). Limiting Mn2+ concentration in the culture broth is indispensable to obtain high itaconic acid yields, while in the presence of higher Mn2+ concentrations yield decreases and biomass formation is favored. However, this low yield in the presence of high Mn2+ ion concentrations can be mitigated by increasing the Cu2+ concentration in the medium when D-glucose or D-fructose is the growth substrate, whereas this effect was at best modest during growth on D-xylose or L-arabinose. A. terreus displays a high tolerance to Cu2+ which decreased when Mn2+ availability became increasingly limiting. Under such conditions biomass formation on D-glucose or D-fructose could be sustained at concentrations up to 250 mg L–1 Cu2+, while on D-xylose- or L-arabinose biomass formation was completely inhibited at 100 mg L–1. High (>75%) specific molar itaconic acid yields always coincided with an “overflow-associated” morphology, characterized by small compact pellets (<250 μm diameter) and short chains of “yeast-like” cells that exhibit increased diameters relative to the elongated cells in growing filamentous hyphae. At low concentrations (≤1 mg L–1) of Cu2+ ions, manganese deficiency did not prevent filamentous growth. Mycelial- and cellular morphology progressively transformed into the typical overflow-associated one when external Cu2+ concentrations increased, irrespective of the available Mn2+. Our results indicate that copper ions are relevant for overflow metabolism and should be considered when optimizing itaconic acid fermentation in A. terreus.

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“…Bacterial resistance mechanisms to Cu involve the active efflux of the metal from the cytoplasm to the periplasmic space, via enzymes such as ATPases, protein complexes and clusters (the Cussystem and Cop/Pco systems) (Andrei et al, 2020;Orell et al, 2010). The presence of ATPases involved in Cu resistance in A. ferrooxidans and Escherichia coli suggests they function as efflux pumps, and they are also found in eukaryotes (Antsotegi-Uskola et al, 2020;Orell et al, 2010). Some bacterial Cu resistance is conferred by the presence of Cu-binding proteins and chaperones located in the periplasmic space that sequester Cu, decreasing its toxicity and providing Cu for biogenesis of cuproenzymes (Andrei et al, 2020).…”

Section: Direct Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiology of Metal Mine Waste: Bioremediation Applications and Implications for Planetary Health

Newsome

Falagán

2021

GeoHealth

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Microbes colonise and inhabit mine wastes, they tolerate high concentrations of metals and contribute to soil functioning and plant growth  Microbes transform metal speciation and environmental mobility, through metabolism, biogeochemical cycling and metal resistance mechanisms  Beneficial microbial activity can be stimulated to remediate metal-containing mine wastes, but more long-term field studies are required

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New insights into copper homeostasis in filamentous fungi

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Fungal–Metal Interactions: A Review of Toxicity and Homeostasis

Fungal–Metal Interactions: A Review of Toxicity and Homeostasis

Carbon-Source Dependent Interplay of Copper and Manganese Ions Modulates the Morphology and Itaconic Acid Production in Aspergillus terreus

The Microbiology of Metal Mine Waste: Bioremediation Applications and Implications for Planetary Health

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