New Insights into <i>Chlamydiae</i> Persistence: An Energy Metabolism Strategy?

Pietro, Marisa Di; Filardo, Simone; Santis, F. De; Sessa, Rosa

doi:10.1177/039463201302600227

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For years, research on Chlamydiae persistent forms has focused on identifying a distinct transcriptional and protein profile, such as the up-regulation or the down-regulation of the genes, involved in RB division and/or differentiation into EBs [35,162], as well as on the potential survival strategies, such as the production of membrane vesicles [163], an alternative protein delivery system in host cell. However, despite all the efforts, the identification of a common persistence marker during chlamydial infection is still missing.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Interaction with the Host: Latest Advances and Future Prospective

Pietro¹,

Filardo²,

Romano

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Research in Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae has gained new traction due to recent advances in molecular biology, namely the widespread use of the metagenomic analysis and the development of a stable genomic transformation system, resulting in a better understanding of Chlamydia pathogenesis. C. trachomatis, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases, is responsible of cervicitis and urethritis, and C. pneumoniae, a widespread respiratory pathogen, has long been associated with several chronic inflammatory diseases with great impact on public health. The present review summarizes the current evidence regarding the complex interplay between C. trachomatis and host defense factors in the genital micro-environment as well as the key findings in chronic inflammatory diseases associated to C. pneumoniae.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Interaction with the Host: Latest Advances and Future Prospective

Pietro¹,

Filardo²,

Romano

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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“…Specifically, C. pneumoniae persistent form seems to be responsible for chronic infection and, hence, for the inflammatory process underlying atherosclerosis, since it is able to endure for a long time inside host cells [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia pneumoniae‐Mediated Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A Meta‐Analysis

Filardo¹,

Pietro²,

Farcomeni

et al. 2015

Mediators of Inflammation

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Several studies have attempted to relate the C. pneumoniae-mediated inflammatory state with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, providing inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify whether C. pneumoniae may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by enhancing inflammation. 12 case-control, 6 cross-sectional, and 7 prospective studies with a total of 10,176 patients have been included in this meta-analysis. Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae and differences between levels of inflammatory markers were assessed by standard mean differences. Publication bias was performed to ensure the statistical power. hsCRP, fibrinogen, interleukin- (IL-) 6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ showed a significant increase in patients with atherosclerosis compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05), along with a higher seroprevalence of C. pneumoniae (OR of 3.11, 95% CI: 2.88–3.36, P < 0.001). More interestingly, hsCRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in C. pneumoniae IgA seropositive compared to seronegative atherosclerotic patients (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests that C. pneumoniae infection may contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases by enhancing the inflammatory state, and, in particular, seropositivity to C. pneumoniae IgA, together with hsCRP, fibrinogen, and IL-6, may be predictive of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk.

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“…Persisters are dormant and the metabolic process is obviously slowed down or stopped, 245 and thus genes that alter cell metabolism are involved in the formation of persisters, such as sucB encoding the E2 subunit of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, 92 sucC and sucD encoding succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) synthetase 242 in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (Fig. 5 ).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Persister Formation and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development

Niu,

Gu,

Zhang

2024

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing) bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and starvation conditions. These cells can regrow after stress removal and remain susceptible to the same stress. Persisters are underlying the problems of treating chronic and persistent infections and relapse infections after treatment, drug resistance development, and biofilm infections, and pose significant challenges for effective treatments. Understanding the characteristics and the exact mechanisms of persister formation, especially the key molecules that affect the formation and survival of the persisters is critical to more effective treatment of chronic and persistent infections. Currently, genes related to persister formation and survival are being discovered and confirmed, but the mechanisms by which bacteria form persisters are very complex, and there are still many unanswered questions. This article comprehensively summarizes the historical background of bacterial persisters, details their complex characteristics and their relationship with antibiotic tolerant and resistant bacteria, systematically elucidates the interplay between various bacterial biological processes and the formation of persister cells, as well as consolidates the diverse anti-persister compounds and treatments. We hope to provide theoretical background for in-depth research on mechanisms of persisters and suggest new ideas for choosing strategies for more effective treatment of persistent infections.

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New Insights into Chlamydiae Persistence: An Energy Metabolism Strategy?

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Interaction with the Host: Latest Advances and Future Prospective

Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Interaction with the Host: Latest Advances and Future Prospective

Chlamydia pneumoniae‐Mediated Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: A Meta‐Analysis

Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development

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