New insights into methoxetamine mechanisms of action: Focus on serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors in pharmacological and behavioral effects in the rat

Marti, Matteo; Talani, Giuseppe; Miliano, Cristina; Bilel, Sabrine; Biggio, Francesca; Bratzu, Jessica; Diana, Marco; Luca, Maria Antonietta De; Fattore, Liana

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113836

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…PPI of the startle reflex was measured as previously described ( Spano et al, 2010 ; Marti et al, 2021 ). Briefly, the apparatus (Med Associates, St Albans, VT, United States) consisted of 4 standard cages placed in sound-attenuated chambers with fan ventilation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horizontal and vertical activity were measured as total number of sequential infrared beam breaks (counts) in the sensors, while center activity was recorded as the time spent by rats in the central part of the arena, beginning immediately after placing the animals into the cage, over a period of 60 min. PPI of the startle reflex was measured as previously described (Spano et al, 2010;Marti et al, 2021). Briefly, the apparatus (Med Associates, St Albans, VT, United States) consisted of 4 standard cages placed in sound-attenuated chambers with fan ventilation.…”

Section: Spontaneous Locomotor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood

Bratzu,

Ciscato,

Pisanu

et al. 2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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IntroductionEarly social isolation (ESI) disrupts neurodevelopmental processes, potentially leading to long-lasting emotional and cognitive changes in adulthood. Communal nesting (CN), i.e., the sharing of parental responsibilities between multiple individuals in a nest, creates a socially enriching environment known to impact social and anxiety-related behaviors.MethodsThis study examines the effects of (i) the CN condition and of (ii) ESI during the 3rd week of life (i.e., pre-weaning ESI) on motor, cognitive, and emotional domains during adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats reared in the two different housing conditions, as well as (iii) the potential of CN to mitigate the impact of ESI on offspring.ResultsWe found that in a spontaneous locomotor activity test, females exhibited higher activity levels compared to males. In female groups, adolescents reared in standard housing (SH) condition spent less time in the center of the arena, suggestive of increased anxiety levels, while the CN condition increased the time spent in the center during adolescence, but not adulthood, independently from ESI. The prepulse inhibition (PPI) test showed a reduced PPI in ESI adolescent animals of both sexes and in adult males (but not in adult females), with CN restoring PPI in males, but not in adolescent females. Further, in the marble burying test SH-ESI adolescent males exhibited higher marble burying behavior than all other groups, suggestive of obsessive-compulsive traits. CN completely reversed this stress-induced effect. Interestingly, ESI and CN did not have a significant impact on burying behavior in adult animals of both sexes.DiscussionOverall, our findings (i) assess the effects of ESI on locomotion, sensorimotor gating, and compulsive-like behaviors, (ii) reveal distinct vulnerabilities of males and females within these domains, and (iii) show how early-life social enrichment may successfully counteract some of the behavioral alterations induced by early-life social stress in a sex-dependent manner. This study strengthens the notion that social experiences during early-life can shape emotional and cognitive outcomes in adulthood, and points to the importance of social enrichment interventions for mitigating the negative effects of early social stress on neurodevelopment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spontaneous Locomotor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood

Bratzu,

Ciscato,

Pisanu

et al. 2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

Self Cite

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“…To escape the control of the law, criminals have modified the structure of ketamine to synthesize compounds having similar functions that can replace ketamine. These compounds include N ‐ethyldeschloroketamine (2‐oxo‐PCE), 6–8 deschloroketamine (DCK), 9,10 N ‐ethylnorketamine hydrochloride (NENK), 11 2‐fluorodeschloroketamine (2‐FDCK), 12–14 and methoxetamine (MXE) 15–18 . With the increase in police control, NENK and MXE were listed as legally controlled substances in China in 2015, and 2‐FDCK has been added to the list on July 1, 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds include N-ethyldeschloroketamine (2-oxo-PCE), [6][7][8] deschloroketamine (DCK), 9,10 N-ethylnorketamine hydrochloride (NENK), 11 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK), [12][13][14] and methoxetamine (MXE). [15][16][17][18] With the increase in police control, NENK and MXE were listed as legally controlled substances in China in 2015, and 2-FDCK has been added to the list on July 1, 2021. The listing of 2-FDCK for legal control resulted in an abundance of 2-bromodeschloroketamine (2-BDCK) appearing in the NPS market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure identification and analysis of the suspected chemical precursor of 2‐fluorodeschloroketamine and its decomposition products

Luo

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Editorial of special issue – Synthetic psychoactive substances and neurological diseases: Toxic and therapeutic effects

Simola

Luca

2022

Experimental Neurology

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New insights into methoxetamine mechanisms of action: Focus on serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors in pharmacological and behavioral effects in the rat

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood

Communal nesting differentially attenuates the impact of pre-weaning social isolation on behavior in male and female rats during adolescence and adulthood

Structure identification and analysis of the suspected chemical precursor of 2‐fluorodeschloroketamine and its decomposition products

Editorial of special issue – Synthetic psychoactive substances and neurological diseases: Toxic and therapeutic effects

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