New insights into morphological, stereological and functional studies of the adrenal gland under exposure to the potent goitrogen thiourea

Chakraborty, Arijit; Sarkar, Deotima; Dey, P. K.; Chandra, Amar K.

doi:10.2478/intox-2018-0005

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the contrary, these results concerning rat adrenal volume differ completely from those described by Kurtulus et al 9 (4.81 AE 0.95 mm 3 ). Furthermore, the other findings of Kurtulus et al 9 on rat adrenal length (300-450 nm) cortex (4.13 AE 1.02 mm 3 ) and medulla volume (0.69 AE 0.06 mm 3 ) are in such sharp contrast with our results and those of other studies [5][6][7] that raise scepticism about their validity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Chakraborty et al 6 calculated the ratios of medulla/ gland volume (14.03%) and, within cortex, the ZG/ gland volume (7.65%), ZF/gland volume (62.31%) and ZR/gland volume (15.73%) in young adult female rats. Our measurements in young adult female rats provided the ratios: medulla/gland area 8.5%, ZG/gland area 8.32%, ZF/gland area 52.8% and ZR/gland area 30.19%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature, a number of studies exist about their morphometric parameters in mice [1][2][3][4] and rats. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] To our knowledge though, there are no studies comparing morphometric parameters between the two species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adrenal glands of mice and rats: A comparative morphometric study

et al. 2021

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Mice and rats are among the most used laboratory animals. They share numerous similarities along with differences, some yet unexplored. One of them is the morphometry of their adrenal glands, whose characteristics may be related to differences in energy management, immune response, drug metabolism, behaviour and temperament. The present study tries to fill this knowledge gap with the evaluation and comparison of adrenal gland anatomical/morphometric parameters of mice and rats. In groups of 10 ( n = 10) adult, male and female BALB/c mice and Wistar rats, one in every 20 sections transverse to the longitudinal axis of the gland was used for measuring entire gland area, capsule, entire cortex, cortex zones and medulla with the aid of an image analysis system and subjected to statistical analysis. Quotients of the individual areas were calculated and comparison between the resulting ratios was performed. Gland length and volume were also calculated. Statistically significant differences were revealed between the rat female and male cortex area, rat and mouse medulla/cortex, medulla/gland, zona glomerulosa/cortex and cortex/gland ratios, male and female rats’ medulla/cortex, medulla/gland, capsule/gland, zona glomerulosa/cortex, zona reticularis/cortex and zona glomerulosa/zona fasciculata ratios, length and volume. The correlation evaluation revealed that in male rats and in female mice the larger medulla area was accompanied by a larger cortex area and vice versa. In general, a larger cortex area was accompanied by larger areas of cortex zones. The collected data and the revealed differences can possibly contribute to the understanding of the physiology of the two species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adrenal glands of mice and rats: A comparative morphometric study

et al. 2021

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“…Different studies investigated the role of TH in cranial development by treating larvae not only with exogenous TH but also with the goitrogenic substance thiourea, a chemical inhibitor of thyroid synthesis ( Smirnov & Vassilieva, 2003a ; Smirnov & Vassilieva, 2003b ; Smirnov, Vassilieva & Merkulova, 2011 ). Thiourea (CAS Number: 62-56-6) is well established in treating hyperactivity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) and causes a decrease in the level of TH ( Gobdon, Goldsmith & Charipper, 1943 ; Wheeler, 1953 ; Chakraborty et al, 2018 ). This anti-thyroid agent inhibits TH synthesis by the thyroid gland but does not block it completely, like the action of thyroidectomy, which represents surgical removal of the thyroid gland ( Brown, 1997 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thiourea on the skull of Triturus newts during ontogeny

Ajduković

Vučić

Cvijanović

2021

PeerJ

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Background In amphibians, thyroid hormone (TH) has a profound role in cranial development, especially in ossification of the late-appearing bones and remodeling of the skull. In the present study, we explored the influence of TH deficiency on bone ossification and resulting skull shape during the ontogeny of Triturus newt hybrid larvae obtained from interspecific crosses between T. ivanbureschi and T. macedonicus. Methods Larvae were treated with two concentrations of thiourea (an endocrine disruptor that chemically inhibits synthesis of TH) during the midlarval and late larval periods. Morphological differences of the cranium were assessed at the end of the midlarval period (ontogenetic stage 62) and the metamorphic stage after treatment during the late larval period. Results There was no difference in the ossification level and shape of the skull between the experimental groups (control and two treatment concentrations) at stage 62. During the late larval period and metamorphosis, TH deficit had a significant impact on the level of bone ossification and skull shape with no differences between the two treatment concentrations of thiourea. The most pronounced differences in bone development were: the palatopterygoid failed to disintegrate into the palatal and pterygoid portions, retardation was observed in development of the maxilla, nasal and prefrontal bones and larval organization of the vomer was retained in thiourea-treated larvae. Conclusions This implies that deficiency of TH caused retardation in development and arrested metamorphic cranium skeletal reorganization, which resulted in divergent cranial shape compared to the control group. Our results confirmed that skull remodeling and ossification of late-appearing bones is TH–dependent, as in other studied Urodela species. Also, our results indicate that TH plays an important role in the establishment of skull shape during the ontogeny of Triturus newts, especially during the late larval period and metamorphosis, when TH concentrations reach their maximum.

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Excess iodine supplementation aggravates the toxic effects induced by perchlorate on the male reproductive system in rats

Chakraborty

2021

Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction

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Objective: To investigate the toxicity of excess iodine and perchlorate co-exposure on male reproductive system in rats. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 received no treatment and served as the control group. Group 2 received perchlorate alone (130 mg/kg body weight), and group 3 received perchlorate (130 mg/kg body weight) plus excess iodine (0.7 mg potassium iodine/100 g body weight) for 45 days. Urinary perchlorate and iodine excretion pattern, testicular iodine concentration, serum testosterone levels, epididymal sperm count, key enzymes of steroidogenic pathway, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including total antioxidant profiles in testis with electron microscopic ultrastructure analysis of spermatozoa were evaluated. Results: Co-exposure of perchlorate and excess iodine reduced their excretion pattern, reflecting accumulation with reactive oxygen species generation. It was accompanied by higher lipid peroxidation level with imbalance in the pro-/antioxidant status, inhibiting the activities of Δ5 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17 β-HSD rate limiting enzyme activities, and causing reduced synthesis of testosterone, parallel to reduction in testicular and accessory sex organs weight, epididymal sperm-count with deformed ultrastructure of sperm. Perchlorate alone was not a reproductive toxicant; however, in combination with excess-iodine, acute effects were noticed, resulting in a severe deterioration of testicular and spermatozoal structure and function. Conclusions: This study provides a novel insight on the augmentation of the relatively moderate repro-toxic effects of perchlorate to a more severe form in presence of excess iodine on male reproductive physiology, which justifies further investigations.

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New insights into morphological, stereological and functional studies of the adrenal gland under exposure to the potent goitrogen thiourea

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Adrenal glands of mice and rats: A comparative morphometric study

Adrenal glands of mice and rats: A comparative morphometric study

Effects of thiourea on the skull of Triturus newts during ontogeny

Excess iodine supplementation aggravates the toxic effects induced by perchlorate on the male reproductive system in rats

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