New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs

Lakshimi, V. Iswareya; Kavitha, M.

doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00508-6

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…A large number of previous studies indicated that ω3 polyunsaturated FA are essential for normal growth and development. The health effects of these FAs include reduction of cardiovascular risk due to antiarrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and lipid lowering actions, as well as improved glucose level control and insulin sensitivity, and neuroprotection [34][35][36][37]. Thus, reduced ACSBG1 expression could be associated with improvement in cardiovascular disease, reduced complications of diabetes and lowered risk for depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of ACSBG1 in brain lipid metabolism and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy pathogenesis: Insights from a knockout mouse model

Ye,

Li,

González-Lamuño

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The "bubblegum" acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSBG1) is a pivotal player in lipid metabolism during the development of the mouse brain, facilitating the activation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and their integration into essential lipid species crucial for brain function. Through its enzymatic activity, ACSBG1 converts LCFAs into acyl-CoA derivatives, supporting vital processes like membrane formation, myelination, and energy production. Its regulatory role significantly influences neuronal growth, synaptic plasticity, and overall brain development, highlighting its importance in maintaining lipid homeostasis and proper brain function.Originally discovered in the fruit fly brain, ACSBG1 attracted attention for its potential implication in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (XALD) pathogenesis. Studies using Drosophila melanogaster lacking the ACSBG1 homolog, bubblegum, revealed adult neurodegeneration with elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). To explore ACSBG1’s role in fatty acid (FA) metabolism and its relevance to XALD, we created an ACSBG1 knockout (Acsbg1-/-) mouse model and examined its impact on lipid metabolism during mouse brain development.Phenotypically, Acsbg1-/-mice resembled wild type (w.t.) mice. Despite its primary expression in tissues affected by XALD, brain, adrenal gland and testis, ACSBG1 depletion did not significantly reduce total ACS enzyme activity in these tissues when using LCFA or VLCFA as substrates. However, analysis unveiled intriguing developmental and compositional changes in FA levels associated with ACSBG1 deficiency.In the adult mouse brain, ACSBG1 expression peaked in the cerebellum, with lower levels observed in other brain regions. Developmentally, ACSBG1 expression in the cerebellum was initially low during the first week of life but increased dramatically thereafter.Cerebellar FA levels were assessed in both w.t. and Acsbg1-/-mouse brains throughout development, revealing notable differences. While saturated VLCFA levels were typically high in XALD tissues and in fruit flies lacking ACSBG1, cerebella from Acsbg1-/-mice displayed lower saturated VLCFA levels, especially after about 8 days of age. Additionally, monounsaturated ω9 FA levels exhibited a similar trend as saturated VLCFA, ω3 polyunsaturated FA levels werewhile elevated in Acsbg1-/-mice.Further analysis of specific FA levels provided additional insights into potential roles for ACSBG1. Notably, the decreased VLCFA levels in Acsbg1-/-mice primarily stemmed from changes in C24:0 and C26:0, while reduced ω9 FA levels were mainly observed in C18:1 and C24:1. ACSBG1 depletion had minimal effects on saturated long-chain FA or ω6 polyunsaturated FA levels but led to significant increases in specific ω3 FA, such as C20:5 and C22:5.Moreover, the impact of ACSBG1 deficiency on the developmental expression of several cerebellar FA metabolism enzymes, including those required for synthesis of ω3 polyunsaturated FA, was assessed; these FA can potentially be converted into bioactive signaling molecules like eicosanoids and docosanoids.In conclusion, despite compelling circumstantial evidence, it is unlikely that ACSBG1 directly contributes to the pathology of XALD. Instead, the effects of ACSBG1 knockout on processes regulated by eicosanoids and/or docosanoids should be further investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike saturated VLCFA, which can be produced by de novo synthesis and subsequent elongation, ω3 and ω6 FA are “essential”, meaning that at least some of these must originate from the diet. However, once ingested, most essential FA can be interconverted [ 25 , 35 , 38 ]. Interconversion enzymes include desaturases and elongases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ACSBG1 in brain lipid metabolism and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy pathogenesis: Insights from a knockout mouse model

Ye,

Li,

González-Lamuño

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The oxygenation of COVID-19 patients was shown to be enhanced by omega-3 fatty acids. However, the above evidence should be used with caution, as several items of data reveal an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation in individuals with COVID-19 [74].…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms’ Severity

Pavlidou,

Poulios,

Papadopoulou

et al. 2024

Medical Sciences

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Background: Diet and dietary supplements aim to add trace elements, vitamins, and minerals to the body to improve human health and boost the immune system. In the previous few years, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain has been threatening the health of individuals and public health more broadly, with rates of intensive care unit cases on the rise, while long-term COVID-19 complications are persisting until today. In the peculiar circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, in combination with disease prevention techniques, the strengthening of the immune system is considered particularly important to enable it to effectively respond to and eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogen in the event of infection. The purpose of the current literature review is to thoroughly summarize and critically analyze the current clinical data concerning the potential beneficial effects of diet and dietary supplements against COVID-19 infection risk and symptoms’ severity. The micronutrients/supplements examined in this study in relation to COVID-19 infection are vitamins A, B, C, and D, zinc, selenium, magnesium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, resveratrol, beta-glucans, and probiotics. The potential effects of dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet against SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and symptoms’ severity were also analyzed. Our literature review suggests that micro- and macronutrient supplementation and a healthy diet and lifestyle may provide support to immune system function, with beneficial effects both before and during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, additional studies are recommended to draw safe conclusions and formulate dietary recommendations concerning dietary supplements and their possible effects on preventing and co-treating COVID-19 disease.

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From the kitchen to the medicine cabinet: Examples of food products and supplements used for therapeutic intent

Gura,

Chan,

Zong

et al. 2024

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Abstract“Food as medicine” has existed for centuries as the foundation of health for many cultures around the globe. It is a practice built on the knowledge that food and diet play important roles in disease prevention and management. Foods that claim to have therapeutic properties are often referred to as functional foods. These foods contain a number of nutritional and nonnutritional compounds that can interact with pharmacologically relevant receptors, either directly or indirectly via their metabolites, to regulate cellular biochemical processes. Although opinions are changing, the concept of food as a therapeutic intervention goes against conventional Western medicine. To provide guidance to clinicians interested in using these products, members of the Food as Medicine working group of the Nutrition Committee for the North American Society For Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition (NASPGHAN), as part of a two‐part review series, have created summaries of several frequently used nutritional products for therapeutic intent (i.e., fermented foods, fiber, and long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids) that includes indications, doses, and caveats. Gaps in their use in pediatric patients are discussed. Evidence supporting their use for management of GI conditions, especially in the pediatric population, is provided when available.

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New Insights into Prospective Health Potential of ω-3 PUFAs

Cited by 10 publications

References 147 publications

Role of ACSBG1 in brain lipid metabolism and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy pathogenesis: Insights from a knockout mouse model

Role of ACSBG1 in brain lipid metabolism and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy pathogenesis: Insights from a knockout mouse model

Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms’ Severity

From the kitchen to the medicine cabinet: Examples of food products and supplements used for therapeutic intent

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