New insights into the carbonate karstic fault system and reservoir formation in the Southern Tahe area of the Tarim Basin

Lu, Xinbian; Wang, Yan; Tian, Fei; Li, Xinhua; Yang, Debin; Li, Tao; Lv, Yanping; He, Xinming

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.06.023

Cited by 123 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…And the effective volume of strike-slip faults and dissolved caves accounted for about 98% in the physical model. This was consistent with the fact (Lu et al 2017) that caves contributed more than 95% of oil production in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs (Li et al 2016a).…”

Section: Physical Model Of a Karst Fault Systemsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…According to outcrop observations, well logging and seismic data analysis, and field practices in the Tahe Oilfield, fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs can be categorized into three types based on its karstification, including karst weathering crust system (Wu et al 2012), karst ancient river system (Lu et al 2014) and karst fault system (Lu et al 2015(Lu et al , 2017. Regarding the karst fault system, it is mainly developed in the south part of the Tahe Oilfield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shunbei Oilfield, containing 18 strike-slip faulting zones, was first discovered in 2015 as a typical karst fault-controlled reservoir (Jiao 2018). According to the shapes and controlling factors of reservoir spaces, Lu et al (2017) proposed three types of karst fault-controlled reservoirs including dendritic type, sandwich type and slab type (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Song

Zhao

et al. 2020

Pet. Sci.

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Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir, but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configuration. Many researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance, while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the reservoir. In this study, a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe Oilfield. The fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were discussed. Gas-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas-oil gravity difference, and its feasibility in the karst fault system was examined. Experimental results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water flooding. Gas injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas breakthrough. Gas-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location, and thus, the oil recovery was further enhanced.

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Section: Physical Model Of a Karst Fault Systemsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Song

Zhao

et al. 2020

Pet. Sci.

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“…This secondary pore system is not detected in seismic images but it is present in many carbonate reservoirs (e.g. Lu et al 2017), particularly in carbonate reservoirs representing high-frequency sedimentary cycles (Ehrenberg, Walderhaug and Bjørlykke 2012). Another possible benefit to the interpreter is that the GPR images allow identifying regions where concentration of fractures occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the karst morphology (e.g. Lu et al 2017). First of all, even though the major carbonate units of a sedimentary basin can be easily identified, karst systems usually occur at the metric scale and are very difficult to predict (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features in GPR images of carbonate karst through data processing

Oliveira

Medeiros

Santana

et al. 2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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Obtaining high‐quality ground penetrating radar (GPR) images in karst is difficult because materials resulting from the weathering of carbonate rocks might be electrically conductive. As a consequence, penetration depth and signal resolution might be greatly reduced due to attenuation. In addition, fractures and faults might cause a significant amount of electromagnetic wave scattering. We present a 2D data processing flow which allows improving the quality of GPR images in carbonate karst. The processing flow is composed of the following steps: obtaining a zero‐offset section by removing the direct wave, low‐frequency noise removal, geometrical spreading and exponential gain compensation, spectral balancing, Kirchhoff migration, bandpass filtering, amplitude‐volume enhancement, and topographic correction. For a 200‐MHz dataset, we present in detail each step of the processing flow, exemplifying how to parameterize every step. Spectral balancing is of key importance because it can approximately replenish the high‐frequency content lost due to propagation effects. In this step, we recommend to shift the centroid frequency as much as possible to high‐frequency values, even exceeding the nominal value of the antenna center frequency, but still looking for a band‐limited spectrum as the goal. Despite the difficulty of migrating GPR data, we show that migration (even assuming a constant velocity) might enhance the lateral continuity of the reflection events and allows identification of discontinuities such as faults and fractures. If imaged in a better way, these structures can have special importance as they are often the boundaries of dissolution features. Obtaining images based on amplitude‐volume enhancement techniques allows to better visualize karst voids and deep‐rooted discontinuities because these features are often associated with low‐amplitude zones, which are highlighted in such images. Due to this processing flow, stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features can be enhanced, allowing the interpreter to establish spatial and genetic associations among these elements to obtain a better understanding of the karst formation process.

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Hydrocarbon charging process of Ordovician strike‐slip fault zones in the Shunbei area, Tarim Basin, NW China

Wu,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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Ultra‐deep marine carbonate reservoirs is an important field for oil and gas exploration, and it is also a hot research topic in recent years. However, their hydrocarbon episodic charging model is still under debate up to now. A great breakthrough has been made in the newly discovered ultra‐deep fault‐karst oil reservoir in the Shunbei area of Tarim Basin. Based on quantitative gas chromatogram‐mass spectrometry, stable carbon isotopes of reservoir oils, microthermometry and confocal laser scanning analyses of fluid inclusions, the reservoir oil origin and hydrocarbon charging history in Shunbei No. 1, No. 5 and No. 7 strike‐slip fault zones are expounded. The results showed that the Ordovician reservoir oil derives from the source rocks within the Cambrian Yuertusi Formation deposited in a highly anoxic bottom water environment. There were four stages of hydrocarbon charging in the study area, in the late Caledonian, late Hercynian–Indosinian, middle Yanshanian and late Himalayan. During this period, the force‐field strength of the charged oil gradually decreased, and the early‐stage charged crude oil with low maturity and high force‐field strength preferentially accumulated in the Yijianfang Formation, while the late‐stage charged crude oil with high maturity and low force‐field strength preferentially accumulated in the Yingshan Formation. This study reveals the history and differences of petroleum accumulation in the Shunbei fault zones, which is significance for understanding the hydrocarbon distribution in ultra‐deep marine carbonate reservoirs.

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New insights into the carbonate karstic fault system and reservoir formation in the Southern Tahe area of the Tarim Basin

Cited by 123 publications

References 53 publications

Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in two-dimensional geology-based physical model of Tahe fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs: karst fault system

Enhancing stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features in GPR images of carbonate karst through data processing

Hydrocarbon charging process of Ordovician strike‐slip fault zones in the Shunbei area, Tarim Basin, NW China

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