New Insights into the Link Between DNA Damage and Apoptosis

Abstract

Significance: When lesions are unrepaired or there are defects in the DNA repair system, DNA damage is often correlated to apoptosis. However, different kinds of lesions and different degrees of lesion severity can trigger numerous signaling responses. Recent Advances: DNA repair proteins involved in specific DNA repair pathways can modulate the function or activity of some apoptotic factors, further emphasizing the crosstalk between DNA damage and cell death. Critical Issues: Here, we discuss the signaling networks that link DNA damage to apoptosis, and we focus on post-translational modifications, leading to crucial changes in protein behavior, following various kinds of DNA damage. Moreover, we analyze the existence of apoptosis-related functions of typical repair proteins, leading to diverse, often-overlapping, DNA damage responses. Future Directions: The better understanding of the regulation and the functionality of key DNA repair proteins, also involved in apoptosis regulation, has the potential of modulating the cell outcomes on DNA damage, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19, 559-571.

Cumulative effects of ciprofloxacin and pilocarpine on cytotoxicity and G0 phase arrest in hepatoma-derived Hep G2 cell line

“…[Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage. [31][32][33] Therefore, combination should include some active ingredients that each of them targets deficient pathways. One of the synthetic anticancer drugs that widely used in different type of cancers is CPF, as a fluoroquinolone derivate.…”

DNA Damage and Oxidative Status of Full Term Babies Delivered by Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean Section

“…Increase in reactive oxygen molecules production; decrease in anti-oxidant enzyme levels, and/or defect DNA repair mechanisms increase the oxidative DNA damage (22)(23)(24). In a healthy body, DNA damage can be repaired because the oxidative and anti-oxidative balance is maintained (25). If the oxidative DNA damage reaches a level where it doesn't comply with life anymore, cell death (apoptosis) or genotoxic damages occur (25,26).…”

Dynamics of the p53 response to ionizing and ultraviolet radiation

“…2/15 1 Although the functional purpose of p53 within a cell has been widely studied, its 2 dynamics have yet to be fully characterized. The p53 tumor suppressor protein, 3 mutated in 50% of all cancers, is responsible for activating cell cycle arrest or apoptosis 4 programs following cellular stress [1][2][3][4]. To guide these decisions, p53 must integrate 5 information about stress from multiple sources-including DNA damage, hypoxia, 6 transcriptional stress, and telomere erosion-that each affect its total level and 7 activation dynamics differently.…”