New insights into the organic fouling mechanism of an in situ Ca²⁺ modified thin film composite forward osmosis membrane

Abstract

In this study, the effect of organic substances on the fouling behavior of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with in situ Ca2+ addition (TFC-Ca membrane) was evaluated.

Forward osmosis for industrial effluents treatment – sustainability considerations

“…Some studies discussed membrane fouling properties as a result of feed high concentration (BOD and other biological contaminants) [86,87]. Here, TFCs have been generally used with one active layer to control membrane fouling [88]. Draw solution facing the open channels in membranes were exposed to highly concentrated draw solute, resulted in high reverse solute flux.…”

Analysis of zwitterionic membrane fouling mechanism caused by HPAM in the presence of electrolytes

“…14,15 Moreover, electrolytes could also interact with the modied membrane surface. 16,17 Luo et al 18 found that Ca 2+ can bind the carboxyl groups between whey protein and the negatively charged polyamide membrane surface to aggravate membrane fouling. Zwitterionic material which has two opposing electrical groups can adsorb abundant electrolytes especially bivalent cations as well, 19 which may inuence the interaction with foulants.…”

Reconstruction and Removal Mechanisms of Gel-like Membrane Fouling for Seawater Desalination: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

“…Zazouli et al [15] found that individual alginate fouling was more detrimental than individual humic acid fouling. Hao et al [21] evaluated the effect of organic substances on the fouling behavior of a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with in situ Ca 2+ addition.…”