New insights into the provenance of Saudi Arabian Palaeozoic sandstones from heavy mineral analysis and single-grain geochemistry

Bassis, Alexander; Hinderer, Matthias; Meinhold, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2015.12.009

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Samples analysed in this study were previously studied using thinsection petrography and whole-rock geochemistry (Bassis et al 2016a) and conventional heavy mineral analysis including electron microprobe studies to determine the chemical composition of garnet and rutile grains (Bassis et al 2016b). Samples were taken from surface outcrops in the Tabuk and Wajid study areas, respectively ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bassis et al 2016a). The dominance of the stable minerals, such as zircon, tourmaline and rutile (high ZTR index, as defined by Hubert, 1962), indicating sediment maturity, among the transparent heavy mineral assemblage characterizes the Lower Palaeozoic sandstones (Babalola, 1999;Hussain et al 2004;Knox et al 2007;Bassis et al 2016b). Upper Palaeozoic sandstones are more feldspar-rich ( Fig.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adjacent Arabian Shield most likely was a major contributor throughout the Palaeozoic, but far distant sources have to be taken into account as well (e.g. Al-Harbi & Khan 2008Bassis et al 2016b). Possible source areas to the south include Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic terranes in Yemen (e.g.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible source areas to the south include Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic terranes in Yemen (e.g. Babalola, 1999;Hussain et al 2004;Bassis et al 2016b), metamorphic terranes in Eritrea and Sudan, as well as the Mozambique Belt in East Africa (Bassis et al 2016b). Haq & Schutter (2008).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detrital zircon provenance of north Gondwana Palaeozoic sandstones from Saudi Arabia

et al. 2020

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We present the first comprehensive detrital zircon U–Pb age dataset from Palaeozoic sandstones of Saudi Arabia, which provides new insights into the erosion history of the East African Orogen and sediment recycling in northern Gondwana. Five main age populations are present in varying amounts in the zircon age spectra, with age peaks at ~625 Ma, ~775 Ma, ~980 Ma, ~1840 Ma and ~2480 Ma. Mainly igneous rocks of the Arabian–Nubian Shield are suggested to be the most prominent sources for the Ediacaran to middle Tonian zircon grains. Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean grains may be xenocrystic zircons or they have been recycled from older terrigenous sediment. A primary derivation from Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean basement is also possible, as rocks of such age occur in the vicinity. Approximately 4 % of the detrital zircons show Palaeozoic (340–541 Ma) ages. These grains are likely derived from Palaeozoic post-orogenic and anorogenic igneous rocks of NE Africa and Arabia. A few single grains gave up to Eoarchaean (3.6–4.0 Ga) ages, which are the oldest zircons yet described from Arabia and its vicinity. Their origin, however, is yet unknown. Detrital zircons with U–Pb ages of ~1.0 Ga are present in varying amounts in all of the samples and are a feature of terrigenous sediment belonging to the Gondwana super-fan system with an East African – Arabian zircon province.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detrital zircon provenance of north Gondwana Palaeozoic sandstones from Saudi Arabia

et al. 2020

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“…Low-grossular almandines are relatively common in sedimentary depositional systems, and better interpretability of this garnet group is deemed highly useful. There are arguably numerous disproportionate attributions of similar garnets to (intermediate-) felsic igne- ous rocks in the literature (e.g., Krippner et al 2015;Bassis et al 2016;Nehyba and Opletal 2016;Hülscher et al 2018).…”

Section: Case Study Of Garnet Provenance Analysis Using Tetgar_cmentioning

confidence: 99%

TETGAR_C: a novel three-dimensional (3D) provenance plot and calculation tool for detrital garnets

Knierzinger¹,

Wagreich²,

Kiraly³

et al. 2019

J. Geosci.

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This paper presents a new interactive MATLAB-based visualization and calculation tool (TETGAR_C) for assessing the provenance of detrital garnets in a four-component (tetrahedral) plot system (almandine-pyrope-grossular-spessartine). Based on a freely-accessible database and additional electron-microprobe data, the chemistry of more than 2,600 garnet samples was evaluated and used to create various subfields in the tetrahedron that correspond to calc-silicate rocks, felsic igneous rocks (granites and pegmatites) as well as metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks of various metamorphic grades. These subfields act as reference structures facilitating assignments of garnet chemistries to source lithologies. An integrated function calculates whether a point is located in a subfield or not. Moreover, TETGAR_C determines the distance to the closest subfield's mean value. Compared with conventional ternary garnet discrimination diagrams, this provenance tool enables a more accurate assessment of potential source rocks by reducing the overlap of specific subfields and offering quantitative testing of garnet compositions. In particular, a much clearer distinction between garnets from greenschist-facies rocks, amphibolite-facies rocks, blueschist-facies rocks and felsic igneous rocks is achieved. Moreover, TETGAR_C enables a distinction between garnet grains with metaigneous and metasedimentary provenance. In general, metaigneous garnet tends to have higher grossular content than metasedimentary garnet formed under similar P-T conditions.

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Tourmaline and rutile geochemistry in the Early–Middle Devonian sandstones of the Padeha Formation, Alborz Range, Northern Iran

et al. 2021

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The provenance of Devonian sandstones of the Padeha Formation (Fm.), Eastern Alborz in Iran, has been investigated by standard heavy‐mineral analysis and tourmaline and rutile geochemistry. Heavy‐mineral assemblage is dominated by the ultra‐stable tourmaline, zircon, and rutile, while unstable species are completely absent. The Padeha Fm. sandstones show a very high value of zircon‐tourmaline‐rutile index signalizing either strong weathering in source area(s) or their recycled origin in older Early Palaeozoic formations. Detrital tourmaline shows predominantly dravitic, lesser Mg‐foititic, and uvitic compositions and metasedimentary origin. Metapelitic source is also indicated by rutile geochemistry. Temperature estimates according to Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry show a wide range from 519 to 872°C and indicate the presence of low‐ to upper‐amphibolite and granulite facies metapelitic rocks. Based on chemical composition of detrital tourmaline and rutile, we inferred that the crystalline basement rocks of the Arabian–Nubian Shield were potential primary sources for the Padeha Fm. deposits. Shape of tourmaline and rutile as well as their microtexture surface features indicate long‐distance transport, storage, and recycled history.

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New insights into the provenance of Saudi Arabian Palaeozoic sandstones from heavy mineral analysis and single-grain geochemistry

Cited by 39 publications

References 55 publications

Detrital zircon provenance of north Gondwana Palaeozoic sandstones from Saudi Arabia

Detrital zircon provenance of north Gondwana Palaeozoic sandstones from Saudi Arabia

TETGAR_C: a novel three-dimensional (3D) provenance plot and calculation tool for detrital garnets

Tourmaline and rutile geochemistry in the Early–Middle Devonian sandstones of the Padeha Formation, Alborz Range, Northern Iran

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