New insights on the impacts of e-waste towards marine bivalves: The case of the rare earth element Dysprosium

Freitas, Rosa; Cardoso, Celso E. D.; Costa, Silvana; Morais, Tiago; Moleiro, Pedro; Lima, André F.D.; Soares, Márcio; Figueiredo, Samuel Ribeiro; Águeda, Tiago L.; Rocha, Pedro Palmeira; Amador, Gonçalo N. P.; Soares, Amadeu M.V.M.; Pereira, Eduarda

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113859

Cited by 54 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…These results suggest that, despite efforts to avoid Y accumulation by lowering or maintaining aerobic respiration, the presence of Y resulted in greater energetic usage, probably associated with demands in antioxidant and detoxification defenses. Likewise, a decline of glycogen was formerly seen in mussels, M. galloprovincialis , exposed to other REEs such as Nd and dysprosium (Dy), which was also indicated to provide protection (Freitas, Cardoso, et al, 2020 ; Freitas, Costa, et al, 2020 ). In the particular case of intertidal mussels, the decrease in GLY was also associated with its use in anaerobiosis (De Zwaan, 1983 ; Hochachka & Mustafa, 1972 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Threats of Pollutants Derived from Electronic Waste to Marine Bivalves: The Case of the Rare‐Earth Element Yttrium

Andrade

Soares

Solé

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The production of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. This may eventually lead to its accumulation in aquatic environments, mainly because of the presence of nonbiodegradable components. The rare-earth element yttrium (Y) is particularly relevant because it is present in a wide variety of electro-based equipment. Within this context, the present study investigated the biological consequences of anthropogenic Y exposure in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to Y (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/L) for 28 days, and their bioaccumulation and biomarkers related to metabolism, oxidative stress defenses, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results revealed that tissue Y content increased at increasing exposure concentrations (though the bioconcentration factor decreased). At the lowest Y dosage (5 µg/L), mussels lowered their electron transport system (ETS) activity, consumed more energy reserves (glycogen), and activated superoxide dismutase activity, thus preventing cellular damage. At the highest Y dosage (40 μg/L), mussels reduced their biotransformation activities with no signs of cellular damage, which may be associated with the low toxicity of Y and the lower/maintenance of ETS activity. Although only minor effects were observed, the present findings raise an environmental concern for aquatic systems where anthropogenic Y concentrations are generally low but still may compromise organisms' biochemical performance. Particularly relevant are the alterations in energy metabolism and detoxification processes for their longer-term impacts on growth and reproduction but also as defense mechanisms against other stressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Threats of Pollutants Derived from Electronic Waste to Marine Bivalves: The Case of the Rare‐Earth Element Yttrium

Andrade

Soares

Solé

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…In fact, there is evidence that only 20% (almost 8.9 Mt) of the collected e-wastes are properly recycled, with approximately 40 Mts to end up in dumpsites and landfills, where they are either buried or burnt [ 9 , 10 ]. In all cases, their entrance into the environment is considered inevitable through leaching and transport with water, air and soil, thus contaminating both surface and groundwater bodies, as well as coastal basins [ 8 , 11 ]. For instance, several monitoring studies performed near e-waste treatment and workshop sites in developing countries revealed air, soil, and surface waters contamination with e-waste leaching components, mainly heavy metals ([ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], as well as other toxic substances such as dioxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin furans (PCDD/Fs) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCMBs account for almost 6–9% of the total weight of PCs [ 20 ], and possess high concentrations of heavy metals, like Ag, As, Au, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, U, and Zn, as well as uranium, bromine, Rare Earth Elements (REEs). and Platinum Group Metals (PGMs, like Ir, Pd, Pt and Rh), whose leaching could be harmful to both aquatic biota and human health [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Moreover, it has been recently reported that inappropriate handling or primitive recycling processes of e-wastes could lead to the release of dioxins, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as radioactive isotopes [ 10 , 24 ], thus being responsible for air, soil, and water resources contamination [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards

Kalamaras

Kloukinioti

Αντωνοπούλου

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Considering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were submerged for 30 days in both distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW). Afterwards, PCMBs leachates were chemically characterized (i.e., total organic carbon, ions, and trace elements) and finally used (a) for culturing freshwater (Chlorococcum sp. and Scenedesmus rubescens) and saltwater (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Tisochrysis lutea) microalgae for 10 days (240 h), (b) as the exposure medium for mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (96 h exposure), and (c) for performing the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes cultures. According to the results, PCMBs could mediate both fresh- and marine algae growth rates over time, thus enhancing the cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in the hemocytes of mussels (in terms of lysosomal membrane impairment, lipid peroxidation, and NO content and micronuclei formation, respectively), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of MN formation and CBPI values, respectively). The current findings clearly revealed that PCMBs leaching into the aquatic media could pose detrimental effects on both aquatic organisms and human cells.

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“…The main reason why the causes of accidents due to environmental risks have been largely disregarded until last years is that intense increase in demands on a global scale. In fact, with continued industrial applications of REEs due to increased mineral demand and use, as well as imprecise discharge of contaminats containing these materials into the receiving bodies, concentrations of REEs can reach extreme levels in receiving environments (Freitas et al, 2020), For these reasons, problems of exceeding recorded levels in natural water, which are generally in the range of a few ng/L to a few μg/L, can pose a threat. (Verplanck et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Gadolinium and Lanthanum on the Mortality of Daphnia magna

Korkmaz¹,

Ergüven²,

Yıldırım³

et al. 2021

IJIAAR

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Rare earth elements (REEs) have been recently identified as emergent contaminants because of their numerous and increasing applications in technology. The impact of REEs on downstream ecosystems, notably aquatic organisms, is of particular concern, but has to date been largely overlooked. The purpose of this study were to generate toxicological information regarding these poorly studied Gadolinium and Lanthanum elements to determine the current risk associated with these elements. The results of this work indicate notable D. magna mortality in high concentration of La and Gd. The highest mortality rate was determined as 100% at 100 mg/L concentration for both La and Gd at the end of the 24hour . At the end of the 48 hours, the highest mortality rate for both La and Gd was observed at 100 mg/L concentration. No mortality was determined at 48 hours at a concentration of 10 mg/l Gd. 100% mortality was observed for two elements at 50 and 100 mg/L concentrations at 72 hours. in the natural living water no death was seen in this time period. The findings from our study also indicate that Gd is more toxic than La. Due to this mortality effect of La and Gd to D. magna, it will be important for the ensuring continuity of the ecosystem to monitor especially aquatic environments and to treat them with appropriate treatment methods from contaminated environments.

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New insights on the impacts of e-waste towards marine bivalves: The case of the rare earth element Dysprosium

Cited by 54 publications

References 79 publications

Threats of Pollutants Derived from Electronic Waste to Marine Bivalves: The Case of the Rare‐Earth Element Yttrium

Threats of Pollutants Derived from Electronic Waste to Marine Bivalves: The Case of the Rare‐Earth Element Yttrium

The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards

The Effect of Gadolinium and Lanthanum on the Mortality of Daphnia magna

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