New internals for urea production reactors

Abstract

Fluid dynamics and its influence on heat and mass transport rates in gas–liquid reactors is, in general, an important starting point for development of a process design. Improvements in the understanding of these aspects can be particularly fruitful in the case of urea reactors where the fluid-dynamic patterns are complicated by the co-current flow of two phases and the bubbling mode of the vapors. The analysis of such systems highlighted the non-optimal design of existing reactors and led to the conception of new reactor internals. Several industrial applications demonstrate the ability of the new configuration to improve reactor efficiency. Both energy-saving and production increases were obtained. This is a further demonstration that even mature technologies can be improved, leading not only to economic advantages, but also to a reduction in their environmental impact

Cooperative Catalysis of Ru(III)‐Porphyrin in CO2‐Involved Synthesis of Oxazolidinones

“…It has been well known that the reactions of CO 2 with different amino compounds can produce various organic chemicals, such as urea, [13,14] bis‐substituted urea, [15] carbamates [16–18] (Scheme 1, Eq. 1–3) and oxazolidinones (i. e., cyclic urethanes), [19–25] revealing that the activation of CO 2 by alkaline amino‐compounds in cooperative combination of a suitable catalyst is of fundamental importance in CO 2 ‐involed synthesis protocols.…”

Síntese de uréia enriquecida com o isótopo 13C e/ou 15N

“…Atualmente, a produção da CO(NH 2 ) 2 é um processo muito importante, praticado em diversos países, com aproximadamente 700 plantas de diferentes capacidades, sendo a produção mundial da ordem de 80 milhões de toneladas por ano. As melhorias no processo capazes de produzir redução do consumo energético são, evidentemente, muito importantes tanto no ponto de vista econômico como também no ambiental (BOZZANO et al, 2003).…”